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Comparative Hepatoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin to Silymarin Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats: Biochemical, Antioxidants and Histopathological Studies
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Introduction. Hepatotoxicity is primarily-caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; and, it is the principal factor that restricts the clinical efficacy of cyclophosphamide (Cpd), which is a chemotherapeutic drug that is frequently-used. The antioxidant capabilities have been demonstrated by dapagliflozin (Dapa), which is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2). Silymarin (Sil) is a chemical that is extracted from milk thistle. Researches have demonstrated that silymarin has hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.

Aim. This study aimed to compare the hepatoprotective effects of dapagliflozin to silymarin in a rat model of Cpd-induced liver injury.

Material and methods. Negative control, vehicle (2 % aqueous sodium carboxy methylcellulose CMC), Cpd (30 mg/kg/ day, Intraperitoneal (ip), Dapa + Cpd (3 mg/kg/day, oral), and Sil + Cpd (200 mg/kg/day, oral) were the five groups that were randomly assigned to fifty rats. Each group consisted of ten rats. Following a period of ten days, evaluation the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum; while, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme were all measured in liver tissues; and histological inspection was also performed on the samples.

Results and discussion. Levels of ALT, AST, and MDA were each considerably-increased by Cpd, while the levels of GSH and SOD were decreased ( P < 0.05). Treatment with either Dapa or Sil each with Cpd resulted in a significant amelioration of these alterations ( P < 0.05 compared to controls). The results of the study demonstrate that Dapa was more effective than Sil in lowering MDA levels and increasing of GSH and SOD levels ( P < 0.05). In the Dapa (Group IV), the histological examination revealed that the hepatic architecture had been intact, and there was only slight increase in vascular congestion.

Conclusion. Both dapagliflozin and silymarin each confer comparable hepatoprotective effects against Cpd-induced liver injury, possibly through attenuation of oxidative stress and preservation of hepatocyte integrity. The study adds to current evidence supporting the use of each of these agents in hepatic injury models. However, unlike the study of Satyam et al (2024) which investigated their combined effect, this study highlights their individual efficacy in a cyclophosphamide-specific toxicity model.

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 12 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Dental Journal
Pacifier Sucking Habit and its Relation to Oral Health of Children Aged 1-5 Years (comparative study)
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Salt and Osmotic Stresses on the Activity of Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Biochemical Traits in Catharanthus roseus
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Abstract

The experiment has been carried out in the Syrian National Commission of Biotechnology, during the growing season 2018/2019, to study the effect of abiotic stresses (salinity and osmotic stresses) on the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and biochemical traits in Catharanthus roseus. The experiment has been laid according to (CRD) with three replications. The seeds have been sterilized by NaOCl solution (0.5% v/v), then planted on MS medium. Plantlets have been moved to MS medium enriched with NAA (1 mg.L-1) and BA (2 mg.L-1). The callus has been initiated from leaves using MS medium containing NAA (1 mg L-1) and KIN (2 mg.L-1). After 60 days, callus

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2014
Journal Name
Ain Shams University
New Studies for Topological Generalizations and Uncertainty in Graph Theory
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Topology and its applications occupy the interest of many researching centers in the advanced world. From this point of view and because the near open sets play a very important role in general topology and they are now the research topics of many topologists worldwide and its sets doesn’t enter in fibrewise topology yet. Therefore, we use some of the near open sets to be model for introduce results and new spaces in fibrewise topological spaces. Also, there is a very important role of closure operators in constructing a topological spaces, so we introduce a new closure operators on the power set of vertices on graphs and conclusion theorems and new spaces from it. Furthermore, we discuss the relationships of connectedness between some ty

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of Turkish Delight Prepared With Pigments And Essential Oils Extracted From Clementine (Citrus Clementine) Peels As Natural Antioxidants
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This experiment presented essential oils by GC/MS, pigment content, and their antioxidant activities as well as sensory evaluation of delight samples. Limonene (66.88%) was the most prevalent yield. The peels of clementine had DPPH and ABT Scavenging activity. All levels of pigment extract had better scores for all sensory values and recorded acceptable scores in terms of appearance, color, aroma, and overall acceptability compared to control delight. Besides, delight samples containing 15 mg astaxanthin pigment extract showed maximum sensory scores compared to other samples and control delight. On the other hand, the product was less acceptable to the panelists compared to control in the case of the addition of 3.75 mg astaxanthin pigme

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2008
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Investigation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in the Rubidium Vapor
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We have studied theoretically the response of atomic three- level cascade scheme
of rubidium vapor to a strong laser under conditions in which electromagnetically
induced transparency would be induced on a weak probe beam. We show that the
medium that is an opaque to a probe laser can, by applying both lasers
simultaneously, be made transparent.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety
Biochemical and molecular alterations in freshwater mollusks as biomarkers for petroleum product, domestic heating oil
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Medico -legal Update
Histological changes in liver tissue resulting from Hydatid cyst infection: Comparison between sheep and cattle in iraq
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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Clinics And Research In Hepatology And Gastroenterology
Genetic polymorphism of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and trinucleotide repeat-containing 9 influence the susceptibility to HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma
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Background Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and trinucleotide repeat-containing 9 (TNRC9) gene polymorphisms have been associated with some cancers. We aimed to assess the association of FGFR2 rs2981582 and TNRC9 rs12443621 polymorphisms with hepatocellular cancer risk. Methods One hundred patients with HCV-induced HCC, 100 patients with chronic HCV infection, and 100 controls were genotyped for FGFR2 rs2981582 and TNRC9 rs12443621 using allele-specific Real-Time PCR analysis. Results FGFR2 rs2981582 genotype TT was associated with increased risk of HCC when compared to controls (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.24–7.68). However, it was significantly associated with a lower risk of HCC when using HCV patients as controls (OR =

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 21 2018
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Evaluation of the clinical examination in thediagnosis of acute medial collateral ligament injury of the knee joint in comparism with examination under general anesthesia
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Background: Tear of MCL of the knee is a frequent problem among knee ligaments injuries.Injuries to the MCL are usually caused by contact on the outside of the knee and are accompanied by sharp pain on the inside of the knee. Contrary to most other knee ligaments the medial collateral ligament (MCL) has an excellent ability to heal, being fairly large and well vascularised structure. The vast majority of isolated medial ligament injuries heal without significant long-term problems

Objectives: is to compare between the early clinical examination, and assessment under general anesthesia (GA), and to find out the best methods to assess the MCL tear especially in suspected cases.

Type

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 22 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Investigating the Histological Changes in Heart, Lung, Liver and Kidney of Male Albino Mice Treated with Ivabradine
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            The present study aimed to investigate the histological changes of heart, lung, liver and kidney which caused by different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) of Ivabradine. Results of the study revealed some histological changes represented by aggregation of the lymphocytes around respiratory bronchioles of the lung. In the liver, the drug caused hepatocyte necrosis and infiltration of the lymphocytes. In Kidney, there are no histopathological modifications in the tissue after the animals treated with 10 mg\kg of Ivabradine. When the animals treated with Ivabradine drug at 20mg/kg of bw, dose showed vascular congestion between myocardial fibers of heart. Emphysematous c

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