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Comparative Hepatoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin to Silymarin Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats: Biochemical, Antioxidants and Histopathological Studies
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Introduction. Hepatotoxicity is primarily-caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; and, it is the principal factor that restricts the clinical efficacy of cyclophosphamide (Cpd), which is a chemotherapeutic drug that is frequently-used. The antioxidant capabilities have been demonstrated by dapagliflozin (Dapa), which is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2). Silymarin (Sil) is a chemical that is extracted from milk thistle. Researches have demonstrated that silymarin has hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.

Aim. This study aimed to compare the hepatoprotective effects of dapagliflozin to silymarin in a rat model of Cpd-induced liver injury.

Material and methods. Negative control, vehicle (2 % aqueous sodium carboxy methylcellulose CMC), Cpd (30 mg/kg/ day, Intraperitoneal (ip), Dapa + Cpd (3 mg/kg/day, oral), and Sil + Cpd (200 mg/kg/day, oral) were the five groups that were randomly assigned to fifty rats. Each group consisted of ten rats. Following a period of ten days, evaluation the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum; while, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme were all measured in liver tissues; and histological inspection was also performed on the samples.

Results and discussion. Levels of ALT, AST, and MDA were each considerably-increased by Cpd, while the levels of GSH and SOD were decreased ( P < 0.05). Treatment with either Dapa or Sil each with Cpd resulted in a significant amelioration of these alterations ( P < 0.05 compared to controls). The results of the study demonstrate that Dapa was more effective than Sil in lowering MDA levels and increasing of GSH and SOD levels ( P < 0.05). In the Dapa (Group IV), the histological examination revealed that the hepatic architecture had been intact, and there was only slight increase in vascular congestion.

Conclusion. Both dapagliflozin and silymarin each confer comparable hepatoprotective effects against Cpd-induced liver injury, possibly through attenuation of oxidative stress and preservation of hepatocyte integrity. The study adds to current evidence supporting the use of each of these agents in hepatic injury models. However, unlike the study of Satyam et al (2024) which investigated their combined effect, this study highlights their individual efficacy in a cyclophosphamide-specific toxicity model.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Application of GIS technique in the studies on fish assemblages in Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq
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The present study has examined the spatiotemporal varieties of the demographics of the Shatt Al-Arab River fishes and their relation to some ecological components. The aim is to forecast these groups in the unexplored parts of the waterway with an emphasis on environmental indices of diversity. Three sites in the river were selected as an observation and study of these species, which lasted from March 2019 to February 2020, the study dealt with factors affecting fishes, as Water Temperature (WT), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Potential Hydrogen Ion (pH), Salinity (Sal), and Transparency (Tra). Gill nets, cast nets, hooks, and hand nets were adopted to collecting fish. The results indicated that the fish population comprises 60 species represent

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 03 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Similarity and Difference between Sustainable and Green Architecture (a Comparative Study)
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The research is concerned with studying the characteristics of Sustainable Architecture and Green Architecture, as a general research methodology related to the specific field of architecture, based on the differentiation between two generic concepts, Sustainability and Greening, to form the framework of the research specific methodology, where both concepts seem to be extremely overlapping for research centers, individuals, and relevant organizations. In this regard, the research tend towards searching their characteristics and to clearly differentiates between the two terms, particularly in architecture, where the research seeks understanding sustainable and green architectures, how they are so close or so far, and the

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of aqueous extracts and isolation proteinous compound from clove buds on serumglucose, triglyceride , glutathione and malnodialdehyde levels in alloxan induced diabetic mice
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This study was included preparing acold aqueous extract of clove buds The study also comprised the isolation and studying the proteinous compound,which was seperated using gel filtration technique and determined approximately molecular weight of this isolated compound(6799) dalton . The aim of the study demonstrate effects of the crude aqueous, non proteinous extract, proteinous precipitate and proteinous compound on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, also glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues in diabetic mice-induced alloxan.Extracts were administerated interaperitioneally. The results were indicated that the crude aqueous, non proteinous extr

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 13 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effects of Organic Pollution on some Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Groups in Rivers Tigris and Diyala at Baghdad Area.
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Various activities taking place within the city of Baghdad have significantly contributed to organic pollution in Rivers Tigris and Diyala. The present study aimed to assess some physical, chemical and biological aspects of six sites on Rivers Tigris and Diyala as they flow through the city of Baghdad. Monthly samples were collected for the period January to December, 2005. Marked differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of water were noted between the two rivers’ sites. Average values during the study period of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, particulate organic matter, nitrate, phosphate and total dissolved solids for Tigris and Diyala were 7.8,4.7; 2.4,10.4; 350.1,921.4;7.8,13.9;1.2,4.8;814,2176 mg / l re

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Composition operator on hardy space H2 Induced by ?(z)=sz+t where , and
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We study in this paper the composition operator of induced by the function ?(z)=sz+t where , and We characterize the normal composition operator C? on Hardy space H2 and other related classes of operators. In addition to that we study the essential normality of C? and give some other partial results which are new to the best of our knowledge.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 20 2022
Journal Name
Nano Biomedicine And Engineering
DFT-Quantum Chemical and Experimental Studies of a New 2-(Substituted Thio) Furan as a Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Media
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The corrosion inhibiting properties of the new furan derivative 5-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonyl-4-phenyl-2,4- dihydro [1,2,4] triazole-3-thione in acidic solution (1.0 M HCl) were explored utilizing electrochemical, surface morphology (AFM), and quantum chemical calculations approaches. The novel furan derivative 5-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonyl-4-phenyl-2,4- dihydro [1,2,4] triazole-3-thione shows with an inhibitory efficiency value of 99.4 percent at 150 ppm, carbon steel corrosion in acidic medium is effectively inhibited, according to the results. The influence of temperature on corrosion prevention was studied using adsorption parameters and activation thermodynamics. The novel furan derivative creates a protective layer over the metallic surfa

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2009
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Evaluation of Adhesions Induced Intestinal Obstruction following Abdominal Penetrating Missile Injuries
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Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of adhesions
induced intestinal obstruction after explorative laparotomy
due to bullet/shell injury in Al-Kindi teaching
hospital/Baghdad.
Results: Thirty-six out of the 76 cases with adhesions
induced intestinal obstruction (A.I.I.O.) had history of
laparotomy for penetrating missile injury, 26 of them were
explored as a method of management of A.I.I.O. with
mean age (22 for those explored, ٣٧ for those treated
conservatively), 16 of them presented within a year or less
from the previous surgery.
Methods: Comparative interventional prospective study of
cases with adhesions induced intestinal obstruction
admitted to the surgical wards in Al-Kindi teaching
h

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 04 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of Gas Flow on Plasma Parameters Induced by Microwave
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In this paper, construction microwaves induced plasma jet(MIPJ) system. This system was used to produce a non-thermal plasma jet at atmospheric pressure, at standard frequency of 2.45 GHz and microwave power of 800 W. The working gas Argon (Ar) was supplied to flow through the torch with adjustable flow rate by using flow meter, to diagnose microwave plasma optical emission spectroscopy(OES) was used to measure the important plasma parameters such as electron temperature (Te), residence time (Rt), plasma frequency (?pe), collisional skin depth (?), plasma conductivity (?dc), Debye length(?D). Also, the density of the plasma electron is calculated with the use of Stark broadened profiles

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Spectroscopic analysis of magnesium-aluminum alloys by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
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In this work, the spectra of plasma glow produced by Nd:YAG laser operated at 1.064 μm on Al-Mg alloys with same molar ratio samples in air were analyzed by comparing the atomic lines of aluminum and magnesium with that of strong standard lines. The effect of laser energies on spectral lines, produced by laser ablation, were investigated using optical spectroscopy, the electron density was measured utilizing the Stark broadening of magnesium-aluminum lines and the electron temperature was calculated from the standard Boltzmann plot method. The results that show the electron temperature increases in magnesium and aluminum targets but decreases in magnesium: aluminum alloy target, also show the electron density increase all the aluminum,

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 27 2018
Journal Name
Revue Académique De La Recherche Juridique
The Scope of the Judge’s Authority in Completing a Contract and the Limitations Thereon – A Comparative Study
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The contractual imbalance is perceived today by the majority of the doctrine as being one of the pitfalls to the execution of the contracts. As a result, most legislations grant judges the power to intervene to restore it. Granting the judge the power to complete the contract raises the question of the extent to which the judge can obtain such power. Is it an absolute authority that is not limited? If so, is it a broad discretion in which the judge operates in his conscience, or is it a power of limited scope by specific legal texts and conventions? This is what we will try to answer in this research.

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