Ductal carcinoma in situ is the most commonly diagnosed early stage breast cancer. The efficacy of intraductally delivered poly(ethylene glycol)‐doxorubicin (PEG‐DOX) nanocarriers, composed of one or more DOX conjugated to various PEG polymers, was investigated in an orthotopic ductal carcinoma in situ‐like rat model. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against 13762 Mat B III cells using MTT assay. The orthotopic model was developed by inoculating cancer cells into mammary ducts of female Fischer 344 retired breeder rats. The ductal retention and in vivo antitumour efficacy of two of the six nanocarriers (5 kDa PEG‐DOX and 40 kDa PEG‐(DOX)4) were investigated based on in vitro results. Mammary retention of DOX and PEG‐DOX nanocarriers was quantified using in vivo imaging. Histopathologic effects of DOX and PEG‐DOX nanocarriers on mammary ductal structure were also investigated. Cytotoxicities of small linear PEG‐DOX nanocarriers (5 and 10 kDa) were not different from DOX whereas larger PEG‐DOX nanocarriers showed reduced potency. The order of mammary retention was 40 kDa PEG‐(DOX)4 > 5 kDa PEG‐DOX >> DOX, in normal and tumour‐bearing rats. Intraductally administered PEG‐DOX nanocarriers and DOX were effective in reducing tumour incidence and increasing survival rate, with no significant differences found among the three treatment groups. However, nanocarriers administered intravenously at the same doses were not effective, and intraductally administered free DOX caused severe local toxicity. Intraductal administration of PEG‐DOX nanocarriers is effective and less toxic than that of free DOX, as well as IV DOX/PEG‐DOX. Furthermore, PEG‐DOX nanocarriers demonstrate the added benefit of prolonging DOX ductal retention, which would necessitate less frequent dosing.
Centric study on the interest of the Directorate General of Training and Development / Ministry of Electricity to consolidate the concept of process and enhancement of knowledge in the areas of organizational change، it reached a sample of the study (44) people who are highly heads of departments، technicians and administrators in different sections of the Directorate and by using the correlation coefficient (Spearman) & coefficient of simple regression been tested correlations between variables and the impact of the study، as has been reached to integrate the role of cognitive processes with the areas of organizational change and relationships that were significant at the level of overall dimensions and subsidiary organs.
... Show MoreAbstract In light of the changing conditions that prevail in society, and the intense competition that institutions and countries are forced to face, especially after the opening of markets, and the transformation of the world into what is called a small village, entrepreneurship has emerged as an important tool for dealing with the developments of societies, whether it is related to individual business projects or Economics for national business, leadership was the key to any driving force towards achieving growth. Today, women are no longer captive to a specific orientation, but rather all horizons and fields of work have been opened to them, and they have been able to occupy the most important economic, voluntary, service, and
... Show MoreBanks are considered the main basis of financial sector ,so they must be submitted to sound and strict regulatory system and so as to ensure their operations and according to instructions and regulations , in order to maintain the integrity of the banking sector and financial sector in general .One of the importance regulatory tools that are adopted by the Iraqi Central Bank to control over the banks an financial and periodic statements that are provided by the banks in accordance with planned schedules .The financial statements of the banks must reflect clearly and accurately financial situation and the result of their activities during the period in which they represent to achiveing its purposes.So it has the goal of Search is statemen
... Show MoreThe current research aims at testing test the relationship and the impact of strategic leadership (strategic vision, Core competencies , human capital, organizational culture and Ethical practices) in the talent management (to attract talent, performance management talent, developing talent and retain talent) among managers in the Ministry of Science and Technology Iraq, and figuring out a number of recommendations to the ministry to help achieve its desired objectives, and to clarify the relationship between the variables to find the main and secondary aim of the research two major hypotheses have been formed which split into ten sub-hypotheses. Collecting data on a form questionnaire has been relied on as an essenti
... Show MoreThis research aims to identify the effective role of self-managed teams in the quality of service performance in the directorate of Ramadi municipality. The problematic nature of our research involves this main question of the effective role of self-managed teams in the Municipality of Ramadi in improving the services of performance quality to the beneficiaries from the Directorate service. The importance of this study lies in the role played by the work teams in the organizations that excel in their field, the attendant of the changes in the leadership, administrative roles of the institutions, and teams leaders, will be achieved by the self-managed teams in improving the quality of the service provided by the institution to whi
... Show MoreThe research deals with the important and modern two subjects, strategic leadership which have six demotions and knowledge management
(four demotions') . the gools & the research is to know the relation & the effect them in the oil ministry (project department) , the sample was (50) persons who works in the department the questionnaire was the tool of data gathering .
The research divided to four parties, the first to the theotical review of the research variables, the second to the research methrology, the third to analysis and discoed the empirical results the last to the conclusions and recommendations .
Through the researchers' acquaintance with the previous studies, the problem was identified as that the preparation of training curricula in all its units must be based on accurate scientific foundations. Positively affect the type of attack and its implication in the presence of correlational relations, whether direct or indirect, i.e., precedence in training and in preparing units Therefore, the researcher decided to build a causal model to know the relationships to show the best model of the direct straight attack. The study aimed to build a causal model for the most important physical measurements and kinetic capabilities of the direct straight attack in the research sample. The two researchers used the descriptive approach in t
... Show Morethis research concern with material function subject by using it in Baghdad education in formational places , because it considered as one of the most important spaces which needs a material presentation for the interior consistings that shares with prepairing the right mode for thos who use these spaces, regarding to that this research includes four chapters: Chapter one: concern with the research problem represented by the following question: can we use the material to place the hole spaces of information place ? So the aim of the research seems very obvious in functioning the material these places, and to take a close view on the importance of the research the theory , implementation and objective limits also concerning the terminolog
... Show MoreThis study has aimed to measure the relationship between the skills required for the labor market and the employment of graduates of community colleges at King Khalid University. For gathering the required data, a questionnaire has been designed and distributed to the faculty members of community colleges at King Khalid University in a random sample method. The chosen sample size has covered (123) individuals. Questionnaire forms have been distributed and retrieved from (117) participants. Therefore, the estimated response has reached 95 % of the total sample size. The results of the study have shown that there is not any significant relationship between the skills which the graduates acquire and the requirements of employmen
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