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Structural Design According to Constructal Theory in Architecture
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Abstract<p>Constructal theory plays a major role in the conceptual design stage of the structural system in architecture. It provides a conceptual framework for predicting the form depending on natural systems to model those systems geometrically according to the constructal law that works in two directions: the first is towards predicting the general form of the structural system, and the second is the physical application of the law in the process of detailed design of the parts of the system. The aim of this paper is to determine the mechanism adopted in the structural design according to the constructal theory, assuming that the structural design according to the constructal theory achieves high structural efficiency. The paper depends in its theoretical framework on the clarification of the concepts of constructal theory, the mechanism of constructal law work, and then the verification of its compliance with the applicable rules to achieve high efficiency. The paper concludes a set of indicators that can be adopted in assessing the level of structural efficiency - at the level of form and material - of architecturally designed structures according to the constructal theory. The research concluded that constructal theory contributes significantly to research on the origins of living systems, and to employ them in the process of creating the architectural form on one hand, and enhancing the structural efficiency of the structural performance on the other hand.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design a Security Network System against Internet Worms
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 Active worms have posed a major security threat to the Internet, and many research efforts have focused on them. This paper is interested in internet worm that spreads via TCP, which accounts for the majority of internet traffic. It presents an approach that use a hybrid solution between two detection algorithms: behavior base detection and signature base detection to have the features of each of them. The aim of this study is to have a good solution of detecting worm and stealthy worm with the feature of the speed. This proposal was designed in distributed collaborative scheme based on the small-world network model to effectively improve the system performance.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 22 2026
Journal Name
Pakistan Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Optimization And Development Of Ondansetron HCl Nanocrystals By Using D-Optimal Design Expert® And In-Vitro Characterization
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Background: Over the last few years, nanocrystal technology has expanded to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, which is challenging. Nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit many properties, such as enhancing drug solubility, dissolution, oral absorption, and high drug loading. Ondansetron hydrochloride (ONH) is an antiemetic drug that antagonizes a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor in the peripheral and central nervous system and is widely prescribed for the management of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced vomiting and nausea, as well as for postoperative nausea. ONH exhibits approximately 60% bioavailability due to its poor solubility and first-pass metabolism in the liver. Its solubility is pH-dependent, its precipitates abov

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 18 2018
Journal Name
مجلة المدرس-القرن الحادي و العشرون
Fixing the relationship of the syntactic concept and structural scheme of sentences: A Linguistic and Cultural Approach.
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The article defines the relationship between the syntactic concept and the structural scheme of a sentence in modern scientific research from the standpoint of the linguistic cognitive approach; the definitions of the concepts “syntactic concept” and “structural scheme of a sentence” have been represented; a linguocognitive approach to the study of the structural schemes of a sentence through the prism of syntactic concepts has been proposed, which gives a new solution to the problem of the interaction of syntax and semantics; the mental and linguistic levels have been identified, as well as the principles of their interaction in the process of analysing the sentence.

Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Influence of Sn doping ratio on the structural and optical properties of CdO films prepared by laser induced plasma
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In this work, we study the effect of doping Sn on the structural and optical properties of pure cadmium oxide films at different concentrations of Tin (Sn) (X=0.1,0.3 and 0.5) .The films prepared by using the laser-induced plasma at wavelength of laser 1064 nm and duration 9 ns under pressure reached to 2.5×10-2 mbar. The results of X-ray diffraction tests showed that the all prepared films  are polycrystalline. As for the topography of the films surface, it was measured using AFM , where the results showed that the grain size increases with an increase in the percentage of doping  in addition to an increase in the average roughness. The optical properties of all films have also been studied through the absorbance s

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 02 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology
Structural and Optical Properties of Synthesized Manganese doped ZnS Quantum Dots
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ZnS:MnP2+P nanoparticles were prepared by a simple microwave irradiation method under mild condition. The starting materials for the synthesis of ZnS:MnP 2+P quantum dots were zinc acetate as zinc source, thioacetamide as a sulfur source, manganese chloride as manganese source (R & M Chemical) and ethylene glycol as a solvent. All chemicals were analytical grade products and used without further purification. The quantum dots of ZnS:MnP 2+P with cubic structure were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the morphology of the film is seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The composition of the samples is analysed by EDS. UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy analysis

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Engineering
Structural Behavior of Axially Loaded Composite Concrete-steel Plate Shear Walls
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 03 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Isochronal Studies of the Structural and Electrical Properties of CdTe Films
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The paper reports the influence of annealing temperature under vacuum for one hour on the some structural and electrical properties of p-type CdTe thin films were grown at room temperature under high vacuum by using thermal evaporation technique with a mean thickness about 600nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of CdTe cubic phase at all annealing temperature. From investigated the electrical properties of CdTe thin films, the electrical conductivity, the majority carrier concentration, and the Hall mobility were found increase with increasing annealing temperatures.

Publication Date
Thu Feb 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Geotechnical Engineering
Influence of Combined Stabilization on the Structural Properties of Subgrade Soil
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Soil stabilization with liquid asphalt is considered as a sustainable step towards roadway construction on problematic subgrade soil, there are no requirements to import good quality materials or to implement energy consumption, but to mix the readily available soil with liquid asphalt through the cold mix technique. In this work, collapsible soil obtained from Nasiriya was mixed with asphalt emulsion, lime, and combinations of lime and asphalt emulsion (combined stabilization) and tested in the laboratory for California bearing ratio in dry and soaked conditions. Field trial sections have been prepared with the same combinations and subjected to plate bearing test. The influence of combined stabilization on the structural properties in ter

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 17 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Applied Mechanics And Engineering
Analysis of Structural Concrete Bar Members Based on Secant Stiffness Methods
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Abstract<p>In this paper, the behavior of structural concrete linear bar members was studied using numerical model implemented in a computer program written in MATLAB. The numerical model is based on the modified version of the procedure developed by Oukaili. The model is based on real stress-strain diagrams of concrete and steel and their secant modulus of elasticity at different loading stages. The behavior presented by normal force-axial strain and bending moment-curvature relationships is studied by calculating the secant sectional stiffness of the member. Based on secant methods, this methodology can be easily implemented using an iterative procedure to solve non-linear equations. A compari</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 25 2026
Journal Name
Engineering And Technology
Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Loading: A Review
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This study presented a summarized review investigation about the influence of the impact force exerted on reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Different aspects were considered and highlighted to achieve the main goal of this study. First of all, measuring the impact force generated by a drop in mass was discussed, focusing on how various factors influence the magnitude of the force. Then, after the dynamic equilibrium and shear dominance in the Impact test were deeply and widely discussed. Moreover, the Impact and high-rate loading effect on the reinforced concrete beams was widely investigated. The influence of steel fiber on the dynamic response of reinforced concrete beams affected by impact loading was also included in this study. The findi

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