Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security in theory. However, practical QKD systems face challenges in maximizing the secure key rate and extending transmission distances. In this paper, we introduce a comparative study of the BB84 protocol using coincidence detection with two different quantum channels: a free space and underwater quantum channels. A simulated seawater was used as an example for underwater quantum channel. Different single photon detection modules were used on Bob’s side to capture the coincidence counts. Results showed that increasing the mean photon number generally leads to a higher rate of coincidence detection and therefore higher possibility of increasing the secure key rate. The secure key rate can reach 0.0239 (bits/pulse) with a quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 3.2% for the free space channel and 1.5% for the simulated sea-water channel. The security parameters for each value of the mean photon number closely align with the corresponding theoretical predictions. However, some discrepancies were observed, primarily due to a mismatch in photon detection efficiency for SPDMs and system fluctuations. The theoretical calculations also predict that using coincidence detection, the key can be distributed over distances of up to 195 km.
This paper examines the decolonizing methods used by Leslie Marmon Silko in her novel Ceremony (1977) to heal the indigenous people from the patriarchal traditions of the white hegemony. This study aims to emphasize the vulnerable responses of the Pueblo people to the memories of the clan and to highlight Silko’s methods to sustain the history and lifestyle of the indigenous people. Therefore, Silko’s novel can be situated historically and culturally within memory-studies. To analyze the contrasting behaviors of characters, this paper projects the relationship between the collective patriarchal doctrines and that of the individual within the framework of memory studies. Theories of Jan and Aleida Assmann are used here to explore the
... Show MoreBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top ten most common cancers worldwide. There are multiple risk factors for CRC, one of which is aging. However, in recent years, CRC has been reported in children. Objective: To describe the main characteristics and symptoms of CRC as well as highlight pathologic data for early-onset CRC. Methods: 79 CRC patients were recruited from the Oncology Teaching Hospital in the period February–December 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Results: 25 (31.6%) of patients were below 50 years of age. 52 (65.8%) patients had tumors in the colon. The most common symptom is bleeding per rectum in both age groups. There was no significant difference in patholog
... Show MorePurpose: the purpose of this study is to investigate how managers working for the General Authority for Irrigation and Reclamation Projects react to the impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on their performance. Theoretical framework: The current study includes an intellectual framework on two variables, namely EI and Manager Performance (MP), because it is essential to investigate the relationship between these two variables and the impact of EI on MP. Design/methodology/approach: The research problem is that a manager's capacity to make wise decisions about their work or interactions with subordinates is diminished when they have inadequate EI. The questionnaire is used as a tool for gathering data for the study, and the st
... Show Moreفي إطار نموذج القشرة، تم اعتماد الدوال الموجية أحادية الجسيم لتقريب هاتري - فوك مع تفاعلات سكيرم مثل Skxtb, Skxs25, , Sly4وBsk9 لحساب سمك القشرة النيوتروني، ونصف قطر المرآتي ونصف قطر الشحنة المرآتية ، لزوج النوى المرآتية 18Ne-18O. تم حساب الدوال الموجية باستخدام كود نموذج القشرة NuShellX@MSU. تتأثر القيم المحسوبة لجذر متوسط نصف القطر المربع بنوع التفاعلات المستخدمة. كما تم تحديد طاقة التناظر وانحدارها عند كثافة التشبع الن
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The Paper highlights on one of the main activities in marketing management. That is the internal marketing in the commercial banks and its relationship with the quality services offered to satisfy customers needs and wishes in order to reach he ultimate objectives of those banks. Two state and five private banks in Basrah city (Iraq) were taken in a field study. The survey covered the opinions of (184) state bank employees and (158) clients . The analysis of the survey shows that there is a strong relationship between the internal marketing ( in the banks covered by the survey) and the quality of banking objective services and the private banks show greater interest and concern to the internal ma
... Show MoreWithin the framework of the shell model, the single-particle wave functions of Hartree-Fock approximation adopted with Skyrme interactions like kxtb, Skxs25, Sly4 and Bsk9 to get the thickness of the neutron skin, the mirror radii and the charges mirror radii for 18Ne-18O pair mirror nucleus. The wave functions were calculated using the NuShellX@MSU shell model code. The computed values of root-mean-square-radii are inuenced by the type of interaction employed. The symmetry energy and its slope at nuclear saturation density and the mirror energy displacement were also determined. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental data were made and it was concluded that the data are well described in of this pair mirror nucleus
The research topic is summarized in the importance of studying the measuring the extent of the university youth’s exposure in the Emirati Society to those series and the resulting achieved satisfaction. The most important results and recommendations of the study are as follows: a high rate of the respondents’, sample individuals, exposure to the dubbed Turkish series since it is evident that almost three-fourths of the study individuals watch the dubbed Turkish series,.”. The most significant positive aspects of the dubbed Turkish series are: “they focus on the most important tourist attractions in Turkey” and “ improving the audience›s knowledge and information on the traditions of the Turkish society”. The most apparent
... Show MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the effect of special exercises according to the difficulty of the training unit on developing some physical abilities and on the achievement of a 200-meter run. The present study had a parallel group, experimental design. In the present study, 200m sprinters constituted the population and research community. The study was conducted in the clubs of the province of Baghdad. A total of 12 runners were recruited as the sample for the study by the intentional method. The participants were divided into experimental group and control group using odd even method. Considering the findings of this study, the researchers concluded that the adoption of special interval training exercises
... Show MoreThis study was conducted in the plant protection department/ College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad to evaluate the efficiency of physical agents ozone, ultraviolet radiation, microwave for destroying afla produced in corn seeds. An isolate af A.flavus producing Aflatoxin B1 was obtained from plant protection dept. college of Agric. University of Baghdad. Results showed destroy toxin AFLA B1 the effect of radiation microwave in the media of Japex degree 80 and 100 co 57.14% and 85.71%, respectively, and for 20 sec, compared to the treatment comparison 0.00% as found significant differences were apparent between transactions and the treatment of comparison, as and notes the existence of a significant dif
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