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Epidemiology of viral hepatitis B and C in Iraq: a national survey 2005-2006
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Background and objective: Viral Hepatitis Type B&C is serious public health challenge throughout the world.Hepatitis B and C viruses still remain to be the major causes of chronic hepatitis.It is estimated that around 350-400 million people in the world are chronic carriers of HBV, which represents approximately 7% of the total populationwhereas infection with HCV is found in approximately 3% of the world population, which represents 160 million people. Hepatitis B infection has a wide range of seroprevalence in the Mediterranean countries ranging from intermediate (=>2% ) to high prevalence ( =>7%). World Health Organization estimated a prevalence rate for HCV infection of about 4.6% in Eastern Mediterranean in 1999. During the eightieths years of the last century, Iraq was considered to be of intermediate endemicity with hepatitis B as reflected by 3% seroprevalence of HBsAg in normal population. Hepatitis C was found to be of low endemicity among blood donors 0.5%. There were no national wide epidemiological studies regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B&C accordingly we conduct this study to determine the prevalence of both types all over the Iraq. Methods: From the 1st of January 2005 to 31st of December 2006, a community based cross-sectional study was conducted all over Iraqi governorates. A total of 9610 persons, recruited by surveying a nationally representative random sample of households were analyzed. A stratified random sample proportional to size of each of the 18 Iraqi governorates, both urban and rural areas were included. Prevalence estimates were therefore weighted and age-adjusted. Five (5ml) of blood samples were taken from the study subjects, and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibodies . Results: The national prevalence rate of HBs Ag was 1.6% and correlated positively with age. The prevalence rate of anti-HBs antibodies was 17%. The prevalence of anti-HBc was 9.7%. The prevalence of anti-HCV was low (0.4%). The prevalence rate of anti-HBs antibodies in <10 years children is only 32.2%, which raise the issue of incomplete coverage of hepatitis B vaccine during the years preceding the study years. Conclusion: The findings revealed that Iraq is of low prevalence with HBsAg.On the other hand,hepatitis C was found to be of very low prevalence. As a marker of exposure to hepatitis B, Anti HBcIgG was found to increase with age.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Neurocomputing
A survey on video compression fast block matching algorithms
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2007
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Anodic Polarization of Mild Steel in Saturated C a(OH)2 Contaminated with NaCl in Presence of NaNO2
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The corrosion  behavior  of mild sleet  in saturated  aerated  and de-aerated  Ca(OH)2 solution  was  investigated  using electrochemical measurements. The work was carried out with small coupons immersed in solutions containing different quantities of NaCl in presence of various NaN02 concentrations as corrosion inhibitors. It has been found thal:(1 ) In presence  of NaCl,  the time required  to reach O2  evolution potential  in de-aerated  Ca(OH)2 polarized  at  10μA/cm 2 is function of inhibitor concentration and it becomes lass as NaN02 increases compared with zero presence indicating the effectiveness of N

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
THE IRAQI MEDIA FROM APRIL 2003 TO APRIL 2005
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After the fall of the Iraqi regime in the 9th of April 2003, and after the disintegration of the country, political and party political chaos that had never been witnessed before, has now taken over. In the past 2 years, the American military forces had a primary role in spreading this chaos and disorder by applying a set of wrong measures and policies. This chaos that is still affecting the iraqi people was completely ignored by the USA even 2 years after the occupation, no serious steps have been taken in order to bring back order and security, on the other hand, most of the government institutions and its forces were disintegrated, along with the decision made by Paul Bremer of dismissing all the iraqi journals and the workers of the

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Development of human resources and their role in achieving artificial intelligence A survey of the views of a sample of workers in the cement plant
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The research topic was chosen as a result of the importance of human resource in business organizations in general and the industrial process in particular. Without the human resource, business organizations cannot continue and achieve success and excellence, and the research problem has been diagnosed in the lack of sales of General Cement Company’s northern products, despite their distinctiveness, standing, and reputation in The market and its products with standard specifications, and through this problem, the following questions were raised:                                                    &nbs

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EDUCATIONAL SURVEY ABOUT AWARENESS OF TONSILLITIS IN BABYLON PROVINCE: EDUCATIONAL SURVEY ABOUT AWARENESS OF TONSILLITIS IN BABYLON PROVINCE
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Tonsillitis is an infection or inflammation of the tonsils. Tonsillitis classified as acute, chronic (recurrent) and complication. Most often it is caused by a virus, but it may also be caused by the same bacteria that cause strep throat. According to numbers that data shows, the virus is more common, about 77.49% than bacterial which about 71.45% then fungal about 9.6%. The principal symptom of tonsillitis is a sore throat fever, swollen lymph nodes, nasal congestion, difficulty in swallowing and headache may also occur, according to if  symptoms of tonsillitis are known or not, data show that they know about (119 of people) (79.3) this result is greater than unknown which was about 31 (20.7).

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 28 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
The Effects of -806 T/C and -857 T/C Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the TNF-α Gene on Rheumatoid Arthritis Severity and Inflammatory Markers
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Background: Polymorphisms in the TNF-α gene affect the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To investigate the associations between (-806 T/C) and (-857 T/C) SNPs with rheumatoid arthritis severity and susceptibility in a sample of Iraqi patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq. Twenty healthy controls and 63 patients confirmed to be newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis were included. Those are divided into two groups (patients and controls), and the patients were further subdivided into severe and mild-moderate groups. Samples from those participants were analyzed for clinical and inflammatory parameter measurements. Genotyping by the Sanger method was performed to stu

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Reflection of innovative marketing skills on the broad recommendation Survey Research at Asia Telecom- Iraq
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The research aims at clarifying the relationship between innovative marketing skills and broad recommendation as a vital and important issue for organizations in general and service organizations in particular to demonstrate how innovative marketing skills contribute to broad adoption and to determine the relationship between interdependence and the impact of innovative marketing skills on the broad recommendation. Some questions are posed by the research problem. Is there a clear awareness among individuals in the company about the concept of marketing marketing skills and how do innovative marketing skills affect the broad recommendation of the surveyed company? How innovative marketing skills relate to the broad recommendation

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
مجلة العلوم السياسية
The Role of the Iraqi parliament in the adoption of the federal budget after 2005
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The approval of the federal general budget in Iraq is one of the most important competencies of the legislative authority , Being one of the important financial and monetary policy instruments on which the state depends for its economic growth , Hence, the obstruction of the approval of the federal budget due to sectarian quotas, the absence of national interest, and the emergence of bargaining processes between political parties belonging to the regions and sectarianism , As well as the absence of economic plans and programs as a result of non-cognition and understanding of the nature of its supposed political system applied in Iraq and the absence of specialists would le

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The Role of the Iraqi parliament in the adoption of the federal budget after 2005
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Receipt date: 2/2/2021 accepted date: 4/6/2021 Publication date: 12/31/2021

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The approval of the federal general budget in Iraq is one of the most important competencies of the legislative authority , Being one of the important financial and monetary policy instruments on which the state depends for its economic growth , Hence, the obstruction of the approval of the federal b

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Role of Inhibin B and Ratio of Luteinizing: Follicle-Stimulating Hormones in Phenotyping Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is among the leading causes of fertility-related problems and menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age. The granulosa cells of the developing pre-antral and antral follicles produce inhibin B, which triggers chemical responses in the ovaries. Inhibin B is most often observed in the follicular phase when levels peak early and then decline over time Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the role of serum inhibin B and the Luteinizing Hormone / Follicle Stimulating Hormone ratio in differentiation between the different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome as well as to define the predominant PCOS phenotype.  Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted in the

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