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Protective effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol against enterotoxin‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome are mediated by modulation of microbiota
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Background and Purpose

Staphylococcal enterotoxin‐B (SEB) is one of the most potent bacterial superantigens that exerts profound toxic effects by inducing a cytokine storm. Inhaled SEB can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is often fatal and with no effective treatments.

Experimental Approach

Efficacy of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was tested in a mouse model of SEB‐mediated ARDS, in which lung inflammation, alterations in gut/lung microbiota and production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was measured. Gene dysregulation of lung epithelial cells was studied by transcriptome arrays. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to confirm the role of microbiota in suppressing ARDS.

Key Results

While SEB triggered ARDS and 100% mortality in mice, THC protected the mice from fatality. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that THC caused significant and similar alterations in microbiota in the lungs and gut of mice exposed to SEB. THC significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial species, Ruminococcus gnavus, but decreased pathogenic microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila. FMT confirmed that THC‐mediated reversal of microbial dysbiosis played crucial role in attenuation of SEB‐mediated ARDS. THC treatment caused an increase in SCFA, of which propionic acid was found to inhibit the inflammatory response. Transcriptome array showed that THC up‐regulated several genes like lysozyme1 and lysozyme2, β‐defensin‐2, claudin, zonula‐1, occludin‐1, Mucin2 and Muc5b while down‐regulating β‐defensin‐1.

Conclusion and Implications

The study demonstrates for the first time that THC attenuates SEB‐mediated ARDS and toxicity by altering the microbiota in the lungs and the gut as well as promoting antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory pathways.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
On Faintly θ- Semi-Continuous and Faintly δ-Semi-Continuous Functions
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      Faintly continuous (FC) functions, entitled faintly S-continuous and faintly δS-continuous functions have been introduced and investigated via a -open and -open sets. Several characterizations and properties of faintly S-continuous and faintly -Continuous functions were obtained. In addition, relationships between faintly s- Continuous and faintly S-continuous function and other forms of FC function were investigated. Also, it is shown that every faintly  S-continuous is weakly S-continuous. The Convers is shown to be satisfied only if the co-domain of the function is almost regular.

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
السياسة النقدية في العراق بعد 9/4/2003 (الواقع والطموح)
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لا يستطيع كل كائن حي أو كيان اجتماعي أداء دوره الذي يفترض أن يقوم به ما لم يمتلك الوسائل الكافية والضرورية لأداء ذلك الدور قال سبحانه وتعالى ((قال ربنا الذي أعطى كل شيء خلقه ثم هدى طه 50)).

والنشاط الاقتصادي كجزء من الكيان الكلي للمجتمع لا يختلف عن هذه القاعدة، إذ عندما يراد من النظام الاقتصادي أداء دور فاعل فلا غنى له عن الوسائل التي تمكنه من أداء دوره المنشود. للنظام الاقتصادي مجمو

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 30 2024
Journal Name
مجلة كلية اللغة العربية بأسيوط
Shades of meanings of letters in Arabic (Some double and triple letters are an example)
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Meaning letters in Arabic are characterized by the diversity and abundance of their linguistic material, and are also distinguished by their large number and types, to the point that some of them have reached a hundred letters confined to five categories

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Preparation of thin films of SiCN from gas-phase reaction induced by TEA-CO2 laser and study of their optical properties
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In this paper, silicon carbonitried thin films were prepared by the method of photolysis of the silane (SiH4) and ethylene (C2H4) gases, with and without ammonia gas (NH3), which is represented by the ratio between the (PNH3) and (PSiH4 + PC2H4 + PNH3), (which assign by the letter X), X has the values (0, 0.13, 0.33). This method carried out by using TEA-CO2 laser, on glass substrate at (375 oC), deposition rate (0.416-0.833) nm/pulse thin film thickness of (500-1000) nm. The optical properties of the films were studied by using Absorbance and Transmittance spectrums in wavelength range of (400-1100) nm, the results showed that the electronic transitions is indirect and the energy gap for the SiCN films increase with increasing of nitrog

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of the colchicine compound isolated from the leaves of Calotropis procera (Ait) against MCF-7 and SK-GT-4 cancer cell lines.
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Alkaloids are regarded as important nitrogen-containing chemical compounds that serve as a rich source for discovering and developing new drugs where most plant-origin alkaloids have antiproliferation effects on different kinds of cancers. Alkaloids’ continence of Calotropis procera leaves are detected by two biochemical alkaloid reagents. Also GC-MS analysis for leaf alkaloid extract was done that showed the existence of one type of alkaloid compound at retention time12.8min detected as colchicine (C22H25N06( by comparing it with colchicine standard reference (Sigma Aldrich) with M.wt 399g/mol and percentage area 7.1%. Furthermore, identification, separation, and purification

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the Shielding Properties against Gamma-rays for Epoxy Resin Reinforced by Different materials
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In the present work the Buildup factor for gamma rays were studied in shields from epoxy reinforced by lead powder and by aluminum powder, for NaI(Tl) scintillation detector size ( ×? ), using two radioactive sources (Co-60 and Cs-137). The shields which are used (epoxy reinforced by lead powder with concentration (10-60)% and epoxy reinforced by aluminum powder with concentration (10-50)% by thick (6mm) and epoxy reinforced by lead powder with concentration (50%) with thick (2,4,6,8,10)mm. The experimental results show that: The linear absorption factor and Buildup factor increase with increase the concentration for the powders which used in reinforcement and high for aluminum powder than the lead powder and decrease with inc

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Tropical Parasitology
Endothelial dysfunction in acute acquired toxoplasmosis
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Acute toxoplasmosis (AT) which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) leads to induction of pro-inflammatory and/or oxidative stress changes through activation of host immune response. Therefore, the endeavor of the present study was to assess endothelial dysfunction(ED) and oxidative stress in patients with acute toxoplasmosis.

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Acute abdomen during pregnancy in Baghdad
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BackgroundThe diagnosis and important aspects in treating acute abdomen during pregnancy tend to be delayed due to the peculiar physiological features of pregnancy and the restrictions imposed on imaging diagnostic techniques such as x-ray and CT.Aim of the studyTo identify the most common causes of acute abdomen during pregnancy and identifying the approaches for early diagnosis and to take a correct decision for surgery and assigning the complications that may occur during and/or after surgery for the mother and the fetus.Patients and Methods This is a prospective study that involves data obtained from 91 pregnant patients admitted in the surgical wards in Baghdad teaching hospital during the period from January 2008 to December 2009 .

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Manufacture of Feed Protein Concentrates from Local Fish That Are Not Suitable for Consumption
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Abstract<p>The aim of this study is to know the effect of using locally manufactured fishmeal and its nutritional value note that its manufactured from uneconomical local fish are not for human consumption. Cyprinus carpio fed with three different diets levels of locally manufactured fishmeal at a rate of 0.03 and 0.05 of the body weight. For control treatment (C1), the second treatment (C2) and the third treatment (C3). It was found that the C3 was superior to the first two parameters, control (C1) and (C2), in most of the studied standards with a high significance level (P≥0.05). The average final weight of the fish in the third parameter (C3) was 7.75g. The daily growth rate (DGR) of the th</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 02 2021
Journal Name
Humanitarian And Natural Sciences Journal
THE LINGUISTIC STRUCTURES OF THE HISTORIANS ALYAQOUBI (284 AH / 897 AD) ARE A MODEL
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The research in the linguistic structures of the historians Al-Yaqoubi is considered a model of the important topics in historical studies in general, given its importance in the lives of peoples due to its connotations and meanings that summarize interpretation, clarification, and prolonged speech, as it includes life meanings with many dimensions, these structures have been used in historical incidents Important, and throughout the different ages, as it can be used to support an opinion, solve problems, prove evidence, increase wisdom, and it needs rich life experiences, and a sound language, to use it, and needs a wide absorptive capacity for the recipient, the research included linguistic structures in the achievement of science , Lingu

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