Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently observed malignancy in females worldwide. Today, tamoxifen (TAM) is considered as the highly effective therapy for treatment of breast tumors. Oxidative stress has implicated strongly in the pathophysiology of malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the levels of oxidants and antioxidants in patients with newly diagnosed and TAM-treated BC. Sixty newly diagnosed and 60 TAM-treated women with BC and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Parameters including total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) activity were determined before and after treatment with TAM. The serum levels of TOC and oxidative stress index (OSI) were elevated significantly (P<0.001) in newly diagnosed BC patients compared with control, while the level of TAC and CAT activity were observed to be statistically declined (P<0.001). Furthermore, the BC patients on TAM treatment have shown highly significant levels of serum TOC (P<0.05) and TAC (P<0.001) with a significant reduction (P<0.001) in CAT activity compared with control. In TAM-treated patients compared with newly diagnosed BC patients, the TOC level was decreased, the TAC level was increased, the OSI level was decreased and the CAT activity was decreased. The results indicate a strong and aggressive association between oxidative stress and the first onset of BC, as well as the tendency of TAM drug to improve the levels of TOC, TAC, and OSI in BC patients, but it had a reduction influence on CAT activity.
Generally, direct measurement of soil compression index (Cc) is expensive and time-consuming. To save time and effort, indirect methods to obtain Cc may be an inexpensive option. Usually, the indirect methods are based on a correlation between some easier measuring descriptive variables such as liquid limit, soil density, and natural water content. This study used the ANFIS and regression methods to obtain Cc indirectly. To achieve the aim of this investigation, 177 undisturbed samples were collected from the cohesive soil in Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Iraq. Results of this study indicated that ANFIS models over-performed the Regression method in estimating Cc with R2 of 0.66 and 0.48 for both ANFIS and Regre
... Show MoreHypertension is a cardiovascular problem with high rates of epidemiology and risks of morbidity and mortality in the global area. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produced from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme. NO involves in various vital processes in human health, one of which is the modulation of vasoconstriction and relaxation of the vascular system. We have aimed to investigate the link between NO and NOS with hypertension in women. The relationship between NO and NOS, as well as the usefulness of them as indicators of hypertension risks were subjects of study in this article. The results have revealed that hypertensive women had significant (P<0.05) lower levels of NO (15.07±3.41 IU/m
... Show MoreIn this article it is proved experimentally that the photon is a particle that has mass and constant wavelength by explaining the effect of refractive index on the wavelength and the natural mass of photon. It is very difficult to measure the mass of photon, a simple and easy process was proposed in this paper to calculate the mass length of photon in vacuum (Y) and in medium (Y*), by measuring the length of laser beam in air (Lair) and in medium (Lmed). A new method was postulated to calculate refractive index by using these relations (n = Y*/Y), and (n = Lmed / Lair) which supposed a new theory of light.
From a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique
... Show MoreFrom a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique
... Show MoreBackground: The liver is one of the most common organs
injured after blunt abdominal trauma. The control of severe
hemorrhage remains a problem.
Methods: One-hundred thirty-eight patients diagnosed as
liver injury between 09/2003 and 08/2006 had been evaluated
prospectively in Al- Kindy Teaching Hospital.
A distinction was made between hemodynamically stable and
unstable patients. Different modalities of surgical procedures
were done concentrating on perihepatic gauze packing.
Results: (60 out of 138) patients included in the study were
clinically evaluated as hemodynamically stable. The average
abbreviated injury severity score (ISS) was 25. Twenty
patients underwent abdominal surgery. In 12 of them
In this study, Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles were synthesized by an easy and eco-friendly technique (green synthesis) using green tea leaves (Camillia sinensis), Nanoparticles were analyzed using structural and optical analysis, the X-ray pattern showed that Titanium Dioxide NPs had a tetragonal structure with (Face Centered Tetragonal) FCT crystal structure, the UV-visible recorded an absorbance peak near 350 nm and calculated energy band gap was 3.5 eV, all measurements were proved the purity and Nano size of prepared Nanoparticles. Biochemical parameters evaluation also mentioned in this research, these analyzes showed that Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles in particular dose (50 mg/kg) have the ability to reduce blood glucose
... Show MoreThis research deals with the topic (the position of women) in the literature literature, and the researcher cites a bouquet of woolen yarn, examples of verses and poems from this fine literature that looks at the woman with respect and appreciation. In their poems.
The research is a comparative search for Arab and Kurdish literature, by selecting six famous poets in the literature, three of them are from Arabic literature, and the other three are from Kurdish literature, and thus the research is divided into two subjects and six demands.
Finally, the researcher tried to set a brick that would be an entry point to find an indicative explanation and a suitable explanation that would break those symbols and signs that caused the exp