Background & objective: Difficult intubation remains a risk for patients undergoing general anesthesia (GA) or mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU). Macroglossia is a known factor for difficult intubation. But it is not routine to assess the tongue size to predict difficult intubation. Studies are found deficient in comparing usefulness of measuring thyromental distance and the tongue thickness (TT) measured by ultrasonography to estimate difficult intubation. We compared tongue thickness measured by ultrasonography and thyromental distance as a means to anticipate difficult intubation. Methodology: A convenient sample of 60 patients; 32 males and 28 females, who were undergoing elective surgery with GA were included. Thyro-mental distance (TMD), along with tongue thickness (TT) were measured consecutively in each patient in a transitional room. After induction of GA, Cormack Lehane (CL) score was assessed for all patients to detect difficult intubation. Results: Thyro-mental distance was significantly reduced in patients with difficult intubation, while the reverse was in the measurement of tongue thickness; where patients with difficult intubation had significantly a greater TT than those with no difficult intubation. TT measurement had significantly higher sensitivity and specificity (38%, and 96% respectively; P = 0.002) than thyro-mental distance in the detection of difficult intubation. Conclusion: In this study we demonstrated that there was statistically significant inverse relationship of thyro-mental distance on CL, and statistically significant direct relationship of tongue thickness on CL. The results showed that tongue thickness was more effective to detect difficult intubation. Abbreviations: CL - Cormack Lehane; TMD - Thyro-mental distance; TT - Tongue thickness; Keywords: Tongue Thickness; Thyromental Distance; Difficult Intubation Citation: Kadhim AB, Hamid GR. A comparative study between tongue thickness measured by ultrasonography and thyromental distance in anticipation of difficult intubation. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(3):431−435; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i3.2465 Received: March 16, 2024; Reviewed: March 29, 2024; Accepted: March 31, 2024
Coffee bean contains bioactive compounds including caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) that have a stimulant effect and are used for combating fatigue and drowsiness, and enhancing alertness. However, when the coffee bean was processed in the form of green coffee bean (GCB) extract, it has an unpleasant flavour and limitations instability, activity, and bioavailability. This study aimed to produce microcapsules of the GCB (Coffea canephora) ethanolic extract containing considerable amounts of the bioactive compounds for nutraceutical supplements. The GCB ethanolic extract was microencapsulated by spray drying using a whey protein concentrate (WPC) biopolimer. The particle size (PSA), morphology (SEM), and physicochemical charact
... Show More2-hydrazinylbenzo[d]thiazole compound [1] is produced from reaction of 2-mercapto-benzothiazole with hydrazine hydride in ethanol. Compound [1] reacted with maleic anhydride in DMF to produce (Z)-4-(2-(benzo[d] thiazol-2yl) hydrazinyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid [compound (2)]. While the treatment of compound [2] with the ammonium persulfate (NH4)2S2O8 (as the initiator) in order to produce compound [3], then compound [3] reacted with thionyl chloride in benzene to produce compound [4], finally compound [4] reaction with various drugs: cephalexin, amoxicillin, sulfamethizole, elecoxib obtained polymers [5–8]. The structure of synthesized compounds identified by spectral data: fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magneti
... Show MoreThe distress of moisture induced damage in flexible pavement received tremendous attention over the past decades. The harmful effects of this distress expand the deterioration of other known distresses such as rutting and fatigue cracking. This paper focused on the efficiency of using the waste material of demolished concrete to prepare asphalt mixtures that can withstand the effect of moisture in the pavement. For this purpose, different percentages of waste demolished concrete (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 100) were embedded as a replacement for coarse aggregate to construct the base course. The optimum asphalt contents were determined depending on the Marshall method. Then after, two parameters were founded to evaluate the moisture
... Show More2-hydrazinylbenzo[d]thiazole compound [1] is produced from reaction of 2-mercapto-benzothiazole with hydrazine hydride in ethanol. Compound [1] reacted with maleic anhydride in DMF to produce (Z)-4-(2-(benzo[d] thiazol-2yl) hydrazinyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid [compound (2)]. While the treatment of compound [2] with the ammonium persulfate (NH4)2S2O8 (as the initiator) in order to produce compound [3], then compound [3] reacted with thionyl chloride in benzene to produce compound [4], finally compound [4] reaction with various drugs: cephalexin, amoxicillin, sulfamethizole, elecoxib obtained polymers [5–8]. The structure of synthesized compounds identified by spectral data: fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magneti
... Show MoreA potential alternative energy resource to meet energy demands is the vast amount of gas stored in hydrate reserves. However, major challenges in terms of exploration and production surround profitable and effective exploitation of these reserves. The measurement of acoustic velocity is a useful method for exploration of gas hydrate reserves and can be an efficient method to characterize the hydrate-bearing sediments. In this study, the compressional wave velocity (P-wave velocity) of consolidated sediments (Bentheimer) with and without tetrahydrofuran hydrate-bearing pore fillings were measured using the pulse transmission method. The study has found that the P-wave velocity of consolidated sediments increase with increasing hydrate format
... Show MoreA new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of famotidine (FAM) as a pure material and in pharmaceutical formulation. This method was based on diazotization and coupling reaction between famotidine and diazotized solution of metochlopramide hydrochloride (DMPH) in the presence of phosphate buffer solution to give a compound of azo dye having orange color soluble in water with high absorptivity at a wave length of 478 nm. The data shows that FAM and DMPH combine in the molar ratio of 1:1 at PH 7.0 .The method obeys Beer's law over concentration range of 1-40 ?g.ml-1 of famotidine with a correlation coefficient of 0.9955 and a detection limit of 0.10 ?g.ml-1. The apparent molar absorptivity re
... Show MoreAdhrt all fungal biological control ability Tdhadah less than 2 repel Alaftran Almamradan showed leaky mushroom Biological control is thermally laboratories and different concentrations of 5, 10 and 20% inhibition in the growth of fungus colonies amounted to 3.8 cm and 3.1 and 2.4 respectively in comparison with control 9 cm
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the family-centered care health services of family-provider partnership in Baghdad/ Iraq.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study is conducted in Baghdad Province. A cluster samples of 440 clients who review family centered care for the purpose of health services. The instruments underlying the study phenomenon deals with client's socio-demographic characteristics and family centered care questionnaire which include (partnership related to decision-making team, supporting the family as the constant in the child’s life, family-to-family and peer support and supporting transition to adulthood). The relia
... Show MoreOrigination for Teaching Physics at Secondary Stage main of the Educational Aims