Introduction: Elite football performance hinges on rapid tactical decision-making under physical and cognitive strain. While peripheral fatigue’s effects on motor output are well documented, the neurophysiological markers of mental fatigue and their impact on in-game decision making remain underexplored. Objective: To determine how EEG-derived central fatigue indices—frontal theta power and the theta/alpha ratio—relate to tactical decision accuracy and speed in elite football players. Methodology: Twenty male national-level footballers (age 22.4 ± 2.1 years; ≥ 5 years’ experience) completed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 while wearing an 8-channel dry-electrode frontal EEG headset. Frontal theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and the theta/alpha ratio were extracted pre- and post-test. Decision-making was assessed via a validated 40-scenario video-based tactical test measuring accuracy (%) and reaction time (ms). Results: Post-fatigue, frontal theta increased by 45% and the theta/alpha ratio by 47% (both p < 0.001), while decision accuracy declined by 15% (p = 0.004) and reaction time slowed by 18% (p = 0.002). The theta/alpha ratio explained 52% of variance in decision accuracy (p < 0.001). Discussion: These findings confirm that wearable EEG markers sensitively capture central fatigue effects and directly predict tactical decision impairments, extending central fatigue theory to applied sport contexts. Conclusion: Frontal theta and the theta/alpha ratio are robust, portable biomarkers for monitoring cognitive fatigue in football, offering practical avenues for real-time performance management and optimized training or substitution strategies.
The present work covers the analytical design process of three dimensional (3-D) hip joint prosthesis with numerical fatigue stress analysis. The analytical generation equations describing the different stem constructive parts (ball, neck, tour, cone, lower ball) have been presented to reform the stem model in a mathematical feature. The generated surface has been introduced to FE solver (Ansys version 11) in order to simulate the induced dynamic stresses and investigate the effect of every design parameter (ball radius, angle of neck, radius of neck, neck ratio, main tour radius, and outer tour radius) on the max. equivalent stresses for hip prosthesis made from titanium alloy. The dynamic loading case has been studied to a stumbling ca
... Show MoreAbstract Physical requirements are an important priority for the development of football gymnastics coaches because the nature of performance is interconnected and interconnected in terms of the player's duties in the match. In the gameplay situations, the player must perform the skill with strength and speed coupled with accuracy and the reactions of the colleague and competitor alike, which represents the normal reality of the football gymnasium Skilled exercises are one of the most suitable technical side exercises as they are built according to the components of the skill requirements of the game and the nature of its performance, which appear on the gro
... Show MoreThis paper describes a practical study on the impact of learning's partners, Bluetooth Broadcasting system, interactive board, Real – time response system, notepad, free internet access, computer based examination, and interaction classroom, etc, had on undergraduate student performance, achievement and involving with lectures. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that the use of such learning techniques, tools, and strategies to improve student learning especially among the poorest performing students. Also, it gives some kind of practical comparison between the traditional way and interactive way of learning in terms of lectures time, number of tests, types of tests, student's scores, and student's involving with lectures
... Show MoreWith the escalation of cybercriminal activities, the demand for forensic investigations into these crimeshas grown significantly. However, the concept of systematic pre-preparation for potential forensicexaminations during the software design phase, known as forensic readiness, has only recently gainedattention. Against the backdrop of surging urban crime rates, this study aims to conduct a rigorous andprecise analysis and forecast of crime rates in Los Angeles, employing advanced Artificial Intelligence(AI) technologies. This research amalgamates diverse datasets encompassing crime history, varioussocio-economic indicators, and geographical locations to attain a comprehensive understanding of howcrimes manifest within the city. Lev
... Show MoreClarity and Visual Ratios of the Vibrant Place Making
The futuristic age requires progress in handwork or even sub-machine dependency and Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides the necessary BCI procession. As the article suggests, it is a pathway between the signals created by a human brain thinking and the computer, which can translate the signal transmitted into action. BCI-processed brain activity is typically measured using EEG. Throughout this article, further intend to provide an available and up-to-date review of EEG-based BCI, concentrating on its technical aspects. In specific, we present several essential neuroscience backgrounds that describe well how to build an EEG-based BCI, including evaluating which signal processing, software, and hardware techniques to use. Individu
... Show MoreMany of the Iraqi agricultural researches are used spraying technique to add chemical products including pesticides and growth regulators. Various studies were performed to study the effect of these substances at different concentrations to improve plant production. In order to adopt specific criteria of spraying researches and to replicate them easily, it is a necessary to mention all information related to the spraying processes and regulations for improving sprayer’s performance by increasing the amount of pesticide deposited on the target. The current study aims to survey Iraqi researches in details and analyse them randomly. Also, to highlight on the importance of information applied in sprayi