The exponential growth of audio data shared over the internet and communication channels has raised significant concerns about the security and privacy of transmitted information. Due to high processing requirements, traditional encryption algorithms demand considerable computational effort for real-time audio encryption. To address these challenges, this paper presents a permutation for secure audio encryption using a combination of Tent and 1D logistic maps. The audio data is first shuffled using Tent map for the random permutation. The high random secret key with a length equal to the size of the audio data is then generated using a 1D logistic map. Finally, the Exclusive OR (XOR) operation is applied between the generated key and the shuffled audio to yield the cipher audio. The experimental results prove that the proposed method surpassed the other techniques by encrypting two types of audio files, as mono and stereo audio files with large sizes up to 122 MB, different sample rates 22,050, 44,100, 48,000, and 96,000 for WAV and 44,100 sample rates for MP3 of size 11 MB. The results show high Mean Square Error (MSE), low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), spectral distortion, 100% Number of Sample Change Rate (NSCR), high Percent Residual Deviation (PRD), low Correlation Coefficient (CC), large key space 2616, high sensitivity to a slight change in the secret key and that it can counter several attacks, namely brute force attack, statistical attack, differential attack, and noise attack.
Characterization of the heterogonous reservoir is complex representation and evaluation of petrophysical properties and application of the relationships between porosity-permeability within the framework of hydraulic flow units is used to estimate permeability in un-cored wells. Techniques of flow unit or hydraulic flow unit (HFU) divided the reservoir into zones laterally and vertically which can be managed and control fluid flow within flow unit and considerably is entirely different with other flow units through reservoir. Each flow unit can be distinguished by applying the relationships of flow zone indicator (FZI) method. Supporting the relationship between porosity and permeability by using flow zone indictor is ca
... Show MoreBipedal robotic mechanisms are unstable due to the unilateral contact passive joint between the sole and the ground. Hierarchical control layers are crucial for creating walking patterns, stabilizing locomotion, and ensuring correct angular trajectories for bipedal joints due to the system’s various degrees of freedom. This work provides a hierarchical control scheme for a bipedal robot that focuses on balance (stabilization) and low-level tracking control while considering flexible joints. The stabilization control method uses the Newton–Euler formulation to establish a mathematical relationship between the zero-moment point (ZMP) and the center of mass (COM), resulting in highly nonlinear and coupled dynamic equations. Adaptiv
... Show MoreThe research seeks to identify the comprehensive electronic banking system and the role of the auditor in light of the customer's application of electronic systems that depend on the Internet in providing its services, as a proposed audit program has been prepared in accordance with international auditing controls and standards based on the study of the customer's environment and the analysis of external and internal risks in the light of financial and non-financial indicators, the research reached a set of conclusions, most notably, increasing the dependence of banks on the comprehensive banking system for its ability to provide new and diverse banking services, The researcher suggested several recommendations, the most important of whi
... Show MoreLiquid electrodes of domperidone maleate (DOMP) imprinted polymer were synthesis based on precipitation polymerization mechanism. The molecularly imprinted (MIP) and non-imprinted (NIP) polymers were synthesized using DOMP as a template. By methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomer, N,Nmethylenebisacrylamide (NMAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linkers and benzoyl peroxide (BP) as an initiator. The molecularly imprinted membranes were synthesis using acetophenone (APH), di-butyl sabacate (DBS), Di octylphthalate (DOPH) and triolyl phosphate (TP)as plasticizers in PVC matrix. The slopes and limit of detection of l
... Show MoreAutomatic Programming Assessment (APA) has been gaining lots of attention among researchers mainly to support automated grading and marking of students’ programming assignments or exercises systematically. APA is commonly identified as a method that can enhance accuracy, efficiency and consistency as well as providing instant feedback on students’ programming solutions. In achieving APA, test data generation process is very important so as to perform a dynamic testing on students’ assignment. In software testing field, many researches that focus on test data generation have demonstrated the successful of adoption of Meta-Heuristic Search Techniques (MHST) so as to enhance the procedure of deriving adequate test data for efficient t
... Show MoreA fully automatic electrothermal atomic emission spectrometry (ETA-AES) is described. This system is based on an echelle monochromator modified for wave¬length modulation which is completely controlled by microcomputer . The advantages of the system in atomic spectrometry have been discussed . Aspects of the analytical performances such as calibration ? dection limit, precision , and recovery for copper are considered . This system is applied for routine determination of copper in commercial powdered mill? by slurr>' atomization versus aqueous atomization techniques.
True random number generators are essential components for communications to be conconfidentially secured. In this paper a new method is proposed to generate random sequences of numbers based on the difference of the arrival times of photons detected in a coincidence window between two single-photon counting modules