As one type of heating furnaces, the electric heating furnace (EHF) typically suffers from time delay, non-linearity, time-varying parameters, system uncertainties, and harsh en-vironment of the furnace, which significantly deteriorate the temperature control process of the EHF system. In order to achieve accurate and robust temperature tracking performance, an integration of robust state feedback control (RSFC) and a novel sliding mode-based disturbance observer (SMDO) is proposed in this paper, where modeling errors and external disturbances are lumped as a lumped disturbance. To describe the characteristics of the EHF, by using convection laws, an integrated dynamic model is established and identified as an uncertain nonlinear second order system. The SMDO is newly designed to estimate the lumped disturbance, where the estimation error converges to zero asymptotically. The estimation of the disturbances is then used in the control law of the RSFC to reject the system's lumped disturbance. The analytical results demonstrate that the proposed method is asymptotically stable with guaranteeing the tracking error convergence to zero even in the presence of external disturbances. Finally, the comparative simulation study shows the effectiveness of proposed method for the temperature control tracking of the considered furnace application.
The topic of urban transformations has attracted the attention of researchers as it is one of the basic issues through which cities can be transformed towards sustainability. A specific level of transformation levels according to a philosophical concept known as a crossing. This article has relied on a specific methodology that aims to find a new approach for urban transformation based on the crossing concept. This concept derives from philosophical entrances based on the concepts of (being, process, becoming, and integration). Four levels have been for the crossing are (normal, ascending, leap, and descending). Each of these levels includes specific characteristics that distinguish it. The results showed that there is no descending
... Show MoreObjectives: This study aimed to identify and study most properties of the specific and general health-related
quality-of-life (HRQoL) in prostate cancer patients, as well as creating a new measurement scale for assessing QoL
among prostate cancer patients.
Methodology: A cross sectional (descriptive) study was conducted to evaluate General Quality of life in patients
with prostate cancer. A sample of 100 prostate cancer patients from Al-Amal National hospital for cancer
management and Oncology Center in Baghdad Medical City. This study applied format of General World Health
Organization Quality of Life-BERF questionnaire. The methods used descriptive statistics to evaluate the General
QoL-Improvements, as well as inf
In this paper, the species of the genus of Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were reviewed, and it was revealed that there are 21 confirmed species in Iraq; among them, the species of Chlaenius hamifer Chaudoir, 1856 was recorded for the first time in Iraq.
Diagnostic characters, a redescription of some of the morphological features, photographs and illustrations are provided for the new record species in this investigation.
Has been studied both processes Almetzaz and extortion of a substance Alklanda Maysan different amounts of Alcaúlan Guy 70% alcohol solution using the method when the wavelength
The corrosion inhibition effect of a new furan derivative (furan-2-ylmethyl sulfanyl acetic acid furan-2-ylmethylenehydrazide) on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was investigated using corrosion potential (ECORR) and potentiodynamic polarization. The obtained results indicated that the new furan derivative (furan-2-ylmethyl sulfanyl acetic acid furan-2-ylmethylenehydrazide) (FSFD) has a promising inhibitive effects on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl across all of the conditions examined. The density functional theory (DFT) study was performed on the new furan derivative (FSFD) at the B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) basis set level to explore the relation between their inhibition efficiency and molecular electro
In this study, the genus Xylocopa Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was revised. There were 4 species registered in our investigations: X. hottentotta Smith, 1854; X. olivieri Lepeletier, 1841; X. pubescens Spinola, 1838 and X. valga Gerstäcker, 1872, the first species was described as being found for the first time for the insect fauna of Iraq, which were obtained from Solanum melogena L. flowers. Key to the species was constructed and supported by figures of the main diagnostic characters and some morphological features, illustrated and compared with other species, which are recorded in the current survey.
The ground pearls, Porphyrophora tritici (Bod.) is a new insect pest on wheat recorded for
the first time from Mousl Province, North of Iraq.