As one type of heating furnaces, the electric heating furnace (EHF) typically suffers from time delay, non-linearity, time-varying parameters, system uncertainties, and harsh en-vironment of the furnace, which significantly deteriorate the temperature control process of the EHF system. In order to achieve accurate and robust temperature tracking performance, an integration of robust state feedback control (RSFC) and a novel sliding mode-based disturbance observer (SMDO) is proposed in this paper, where modeling errors and external disturbances are lumped as a lumped disturbance. To describe the characteristics of the EHF, by using convection laws, an integrated dynamic model is established and identified as an uncertain nonlinear second order system. The SMDO is newly designed to estimate the lumped disturbance, where the estimation error converges to zero asymptotically. The estimation of the disturbances is then used in the control law of the RSFC to reject the system's lumped disturbance. The analytical results demonstrate that the proposed method is asymptotically stable with guaranteeing the tracking error convergence to zero even in the presence of external disturbances. Finally, the comparative simulation study shows the effectiveness of proposed method for the temperature control tracking of the considered furnace application.
Coupling reaction of 2-amino benzoic acid with phenol gave the new bidentate azo ligand. The prepared ligand was identified by Microelemental Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic technique. Treatment of the prepared ligand with the following metal ions (CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII) in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH, yielded a series of neutral complexes of the general formula [M(L)2]. The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, (C.H.N) Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The nature of the complexes formed were studied following the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer's law obeyed over a concentr
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By condensation of benzaldehyde with thiourea in absolute ethanol in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, the Schiff base(1-benzylidenethiourea)[I] was synthesized by synthesis of 4-(3-benzylidenethioureido)-4-thioxobut-2-enoic acid compound[II] by reaction of maleic anhydride with schiff base [I] in DMF. When treating compound [II] with ammonium persulfate (NH4)2S2O8 (APS) as an ethanol initiator to obtain polymer [III], compound [III] reacted to polymer [IV] with SOCl2 in benzene. Sulfamethizole, celecoxib, salbutamol, 4-aminoantipyrine to yield polymers [V-VIII], compound [IV] reaction with different drugs. Spectral evidence established the structure of synthesized compounds: FTIR an
In a survey of the crabronid fauna of Iraq during June to October 2022; 9species belonging to the genus
New types of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst Re-Ni-Mo/ γ-Al2O3 was prepared and tested separately with two prepared conventional HDS catalysts (Ni-Mo/ γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo//γ-Al2O3) by using a pilot plant hydrotreatment unit. Activities of three prepared hydrodesulfurization catalysts were examined in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of atmospheric gas oil at different temperatures 275 to 350 °C and LHSV 1 to 4 h-1, the reactions conducted under constant pressure 40 bar and H2/HC ratio 500 ml/ml .Moreover, the hydrogenation of aromatic (HAD) in gas oil has been studied. HDS was much improved by adding promoter Re to the Ni-Mo/Al2O3
... Show MoreA group of derivatives for compounds 2-Amino-3-carboxy-4,5,6,7-tetra hydrobenz -othiophene bearing different heterocyclic moieties such as Schiff bases. B-Lactum, 4-thiazolidinone.1,3-oxazepan. The newly synthesized derivatives have been supported by spectral data FT-IR, H1-NMR. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as reference.
New hydrazone derivatives of Fenoprofen were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by means of egg white induced paw edema method. All the synthesized target compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR analysis and by measure of their physical properties. The synthesis of the target compounds(H1-H4) was accomplished by multistep reaction procedures. The synthesized target compounds were show activity in reducing paw edema thickness and their anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to that of the standard (Fenoprofen) except for compound H3 which show anti-inflammatory activity higher than Fenoprofen.
In this present work, [4,4`-(biphenyl-4,4`-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2-methoxyphenl)(A1),4,4`-(biphenyl-4,4`-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol(A2),1,1`-(biphenyl-4,4`-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene) dinaphthalen-2-ol (A3)]C.S was prepared in 3.5% NaCl. Corrosion prevention at (293-323) K has been studied by using electrochemical measurements. It shows that the utilized inhibitors are of mixed type based on the polarization curves. The results indicated that the inhibition efficiency changes were used with a change according to the functional groups on the benzene ring and through the electrochemical technique. Temperature increases with corrosion current
... Show MoreAn attempt to synthesize the benzoimidazol derivatives from the reaction of o-phenylenediamine and benzoic acid derivatives in the presence of ethanol and various ketones under microwave irradiation, 1 , 5 - benzodiazepinum salt derivatives were obtained instead of them. Unexpected reaction was happened for synthesis a new series of benzodiazepinium salt derivatives in a selective yield . The reaction mechanism was also discussed. The new compounds were purified and identified their structures were elucidated using various physical techniques like; FT- IR spectra, micro elemental analysis (C.H.N) and 1H NMR spectra.