Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
For the graph
, the behavior associated with to the majority of the graphical properties of this graph is covered in this article. The reflection of the capabilities of
on the Ly constructions is one of the key ideas addressed throughout this paper. For instance, by this technique we can comprehend the mechanism via which groups of relatively tiny structure are exist within Ly.
Understanding the compatibility between spider silk and conducting materials is essential to
advance the use of spider silk in electronic applications. Spider silk is tough, but becomes soft
when exposed to water. Here we report a strong affinity of amine-functionalised multi-walled
carbon nanotubes for spider silk, with coating assisted by a water and mechanical shear
method. The nanotubes adhere uniformly and bond to the silk fibre surface to produce tough,
custom-shaped, flexible and electrically conducting fibres after drying and contraction. The
conductivity of coated silk fibres is reversibly sensitive to strain and humidity, leading to
proof-of-concept sensor and actuator demonstrations.
A study has been performed to compare the beddings in which ductile iron pipes are buried. In water transmission systems, bends are usually used in the pipes. According to the prescribed layout, at these bends, unbalanced thrust forces are generated that must be confronted to prevent the separation of the bend from the pipe. The bed condition is a critical and important factor in providing the opposite force to the thrust forces in the restraint joint system. Due to the interaction between the native soil and the bedding layers in which the pipe is buried and the different characteristics between them. Also, the interaction with the pipe material makes it difficult to calculate the real forces opposite to the thrust forces and the way they
ABSTRACT : Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the ability to produce a wide antimicrobial active compounds
(Bacillin and S-Pyocin) against pathogenic microorganism. In vitro assay with the antagonists of both crude bacteriocin and
partial by precipitation 75% ammonium sulfate showed that the effectively inhibited growth of the following (Candida kefyer
and Fusarium spp) and Propionibacterium acnes. The results showed the inhibition zone of reached Bacillin (9-13 mm), while
Pyocin (13 - 16mm) in solid medium.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sulphur foam added either at direct seeding or at transplanting decreased the effects of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on eggplant growth, and improved plant health. Experiments were conducted to study the possible interactions between the Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossae and Gigaspora spp.) and sulphur foam to control M. javanica on eggplant at seed or seedling stage. Experiment at seed stage treated with Mycorrhiza or sulphur foam alone or together stimulated the growth and reduced Nematode infestation significantly. Treated plant at seedling stage increased plant growth and reduced the number of galls /gm of root system. The interaction between Mycorrhiza and sulpher foam treatments was not significant
Microwave heating is caused by the ability of the materials to absorb microwave energy and convert it to heat. The aim of this study is to know the difference that will occur when heat treating the high strength aluminum alloys AA7075-T73 in a microwave furnace within different mediums (dry and acidic solution) at different times (30 and 60) minutes, on mechanical properties and fatigue life. The experimental results of microwave furnace heat energy showed that there were variations in the mechanical properties (ultimate stress, yielding stress, fatigue strength, fatigue life and hardness) with the variation in mediums and duration times when compared with samples without treatment. The ultimate stress, yielding stress and fatigue streng
The problem of noise in the Baghdad airport has been examined in this study; and noise
measurement and survey studies have been carried out at four high noise level (operation, training and
development, quality system, and information and technology) zones located in this region. Noise exposure is a
common hazard to workforce in general although at varying degrees depending on the occupation, as many
workers are exposed for long periods of time to potentially hazardous noise. A questionnaire was completed by
122 workers during this study in order to determine the physical, physiological, and psycho-social impacts of
the noise on workers and to specify what kind of measurements have been taken both by the employers and
workers for protection
