Metaheuristics under the swarm intelligence (SI) class have proven to be efficient and have become popular methods for solving different optimization problems. Based on the usage of memory, metaheuristics can be classified into algorithms with memory and without memory (memory-less). The absence of memory in some metaheuristics will lead to the loss of the information gained in previous iterations. The metaheuristics tend to divert from promising areas of solutions search spaces which will lead to non-optimal solutions. This paper aims to review memory usage and its effect on the performance of the main SI-based metaheuristics. Investigation has been performed on SI metaheuristics, memory usage and memory-less metaheuristics, memory char

المجال الحيوي للاقتصاد الايراني وانعكاساته على اقتصاديات دول الخليج العربي

الكوارث الطبيعية واضرارها على حياة الانسان قديمة لاتحددها فترة زمنية بعينها دون الاخرى ،  انها موجودة مند الازل قدم لنا القران الكريم ، والحديث النبوي الشريف ، وكتب التاريخ والجغرافية والبلدان ، وكتب الثقافة العامة وكتب الانواء ، وبعض الكتب المستقلة في الموضوع ومنها كتاب كشف الصلصة في وصف الزلزلة للسيوطي ( ت 911هـ) نمادج لا تحصى من انواع الكوارث الطبيعية ، والتبدلات الجذرية التي حلت بالمجتمعات نتيجة لوقوع

The research aims to identify the correlation between self-reliance and human relationship of kindergartens’ teachers. Total of (120) kindergarten teachers at Baghdad city. To collect needed data, two scales were administered to the research sample consisted of (25) items of each scale with (five) alternatives. The results revealed that teachers have good level of self-reliance and human relationship. There is a positive correlation between self-reliance and human relationship.

أولاً: مشكلة البحث:

على الرغم من أن كل شخص هو كائن متفرد بحد ذاته ، إلا أن هناك تشابهات مشتركة بين كثير من الناس ، وتشكل هذه التشابهات أنماطآ شخصية يهدف علم النفس إلى دراستها وفهمها.

وقد حاول علماء النفس والمنظرون في مجال الشخصية بناء أنظمة نظرية لتغطية التباين الواسع بين الأفراد في السلوك ضمن المواقف المختلفة. وهدفت جهودهم إلى فهم الدافعية البشرية ، والسلوك عن طريق عملية النمو

It is from the greatness of God Almighty and from him that he facilitated for me to delve into the immersion of the hadith of the Prophet in my doctoral dissertation, then I found it a fertile ground for the cultivation of scientific results.
Through this work, I chose the topic (Replies of Al-Aini to Ibn Malik in his book Umdat Al-Qari Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari) because of its scientific impact, as such topics inspire in the soul of the follower and the student a lot of contemplation and great care to understand the texts and then come up with a result that is almost close. It is correct, and my current situation in this research is the condition of many scholars, not without errors and omissions. Whatever was correct is by the grace of

The interior spaces represent a true reflection of the concepts and values ​​of humanity and requirements; were interested in current research ongoing changes that have occurred in those human values ​​and requirements over time, even pat each time warp its values ​​and its own requirements. Those changes, which receive Bdilalha the spaces linked by a renewal which guarantees the interior design of the spaces of sustainability and bio-coordinated. Launched search from an initial perception that those associated with the changes of the spaces through time that have not been subject to examination and supervision, they will constitute a continuing threat of losing the ties with the past under the pretext of modernization and mo

Software testing is a vital part of the software development life cycle. In many cases, the system under test has more than one input making the testing efforts for every exhaustive combination impossible (i.e. the time of execution of the test case can be outrageously long). Combinatorial testing offers an alternative to exhaustive testing via considering the interaction of input values for every t-way combination between parameters. Combinatorial testing can be divided into three types which are uniform strength interaction, variable strength interaction and input-output based relation (IOR). IOR combinatorial testing only tests for the important combinations selected by the tester. Most of the researches in combinatorial testing appli