To evaluate the toxicity of benzalkonium chloride in aquaculture, the hemato-serological indices of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus are used as biomarkers. Following exposure to three concentrations of benzalkonium chloride BAC 0.1, 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/l (BAC1,2,3 and 4) in aquaria for two durations 21 and 42 days, the microbiological assay in fish aquaria, in addition to blood parameters were assessed. Except for the mean difference between BAC2 and BAC3 (P > 0.05) at 42 days, the mean values of the bacterial counts revealed a significant difference between all compared groups (0.05 ≥ P ≤ 0.01). Following exposure to the lower concentrations of BAC (1, 2 and 3), the main blood parameters of Oreochromis niloticus namely red blood cells RBCs, and hemoglobin Hb decreased in fluctuated pattern when compared to control treatment (0.05 > P< 0.01), but interestingly peaked at the higher concentration (BAC4), despite there were no significant differences when compared to control (except hemoglobin at 42 days, P< 0.01). Contrarily, the white blood cells WBCs rapidly rose at the first concentration BAC1 (P< 0.01), particularly at the second duration, compared to the control treatments. The counted WBCs changed after exposure to the following two concentrations BAC2, BAC3, before peaking at the higher experimental concentration BAC4 (P< 0.01). The mean cells volume MCV, mean cells haemoglobin MCH and MCHC mean cells haemoglobin concentration exhibited a narrow fluctuation between control and BAC treated fish. Regarding biochemical findings, the average levels of cholesterol and triglycerides showed erratic behavior depending on BAC levels in treatment. The mean alanine transaminase ALT and aspartate aminotransferase AST levels fluctuated between the control and BAC1,2,3 before abruptly increasing at the higher BAC4, with significant differences (0.05 > P< 0.01) when control, BAC1,2,3, compared to BAC4, except AST between BAC3 and BAC4 (insignificant- 42 days). Following BAC exposure, other parameters, including protein and urea remained the same as in control fish. The alteration in some hemato-serological markers demonstrated how a compensatory mechanism is generated in response to the stress caused by exposure to biocides.
This research aims to investigate the impacts of Quranic readings on the meanings of antonyms in the Quran, with considering the practical aspects that clarify them. The importance of this topic lies in clarifying the importance of the science of Qiraʼat, its great value and its high status. Moreover, this research sheds light on the relationship between Quranic readings and the antonyms words, following the descriptive approach in the study. The research has found several findings, the most prominent of which was: antonyms are linguistic phenomena that are proven to occur in Quranic readings, so each reading deliver a meaning that is opposite to the meaning learned from the other reading.In addition, Quranic readings are considered as
... Show MoreThis study aims to show the markers of the Arabic noun(genitive, nun nation articles,
vocative, definite article and predication). These markers distinguish the noun from other
parts of sentence. It alsoaims at showing why these markers are peculiar to nouns.
The current research dealt with the presence of ornaments and jewelry since ancient times، which express the social، religious or emotional status of the person who adorns them، in addition to being distinguished by a distinct aesthetic and luxury، that is، in a sense closely related to the social and economic status of people، and we note that jewelry is considered a symbol of luxury and luxury، and hence The need to study luxury appeared in the design of ornaments and jewelry because it refers to the adornment elements that are made of metals and precious stones، which actually indicate signs of status or position that distinguish social classes from each other. The problem was identified by the following question: Determine th
... Show MoreThe present study aims to shed light on psychological intentions in some prophetic hadiths and present practical models and realistic applications that reveal the aim behind Prophet Mohammed’s actions and speech. This study relied on a descriptive and deductive approach. It included three demands. The first demand provided a glimpse of the theoretical and conceptual framework of psychological intentions and their most important classifications. The second request tackled the history of Makassed thought in the Prophet’s hadiths. The third requirement dealt with the presentation of the physical, mental, and psychological intentions in Sunnah. The results revealed that The Islamic religion seeks to achieve happiness for the human being
... Show MoreThe aim of this article is to introduce a new definition of domination number in graphs called hn-domination number denoted by . This paper presents some properties which show the concepts of connected and independent hn-domination. Furthermore, some bounds of these parameters are determined, specifically, the impact on hn-domination parameter is studied thoroughly in this paper when a graph is modified by deleting or adding a vertex or deleting an edge.
Abstract:
The prose poem of the 1990s is considered one of the important
contributions of the Iraqi poetic scene. The poem found a position in the Iraqi
poetry because of the favor of a group of youth poets who lefty clear traces.
Their linguistic techniques often violate the domain o9f language, significance
and image.
The poems of those youth poets moved the verse towards reality to
drink from its abundant springs in order to stand on a rigid ground. Their
linguistic traces are characterized by paradox and astonishment that are used
by the poet to construct his poem.
The paradox was considered an ideal means for constructing a
poem by some of them. The poem moved towards definitions and these
de
Many critics suggest that Beckett’s early plays are comic because they focus their analyses on the use comic elements. Waiting for Godot is one of Beckett’s early plays, and it has been heavily analyzed and read as a comic text partly because its subtitle is “a tragicomedy in two acts” and also because of the comic techniques used in the play. The present paper, however, attempts to read the play as a piece in which comedy fails to produce any effects on the characters who remain apparently very desperate and frustrated throughout the play. The characters perform different comic acts, but they do not really feel amused or entertained. The paper suggests that the acts these characters put on stage are only means to pass t
... Show MoreThe main goal of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effect of 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser in combination with Human Serum Albumin 20% concentration (as a welding aid) on the liver tissue repair clinically, and histologically. The animals used in this study were 21 male rabbits divided into three main groups: control group (3 rabbits), conventionally treated group (9 rabbits) and Laser treated group (9 rabbits). Each two main groups (conventional and laser treated) consist of three sub-groups depending on the response evaluation at three different periods. The Laser group was treated using 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG laser after adding human serum albumin immediately on the incised liver’s tissue. The energy of was 460mJ, and 4Hz fr
... Show MoreWadi AL – yabis situated to the north jorden , its extended from Aglon
mountain to the jorden river , the surveying of this valley about 186 KM , and the
highest point in it about 1200 m upon the sea level , the lower point ther under the
sea level . This study lay to appear the historical important and to study the variation
of environment and population which happened in the different periods , in the
beginning the Paleolithic until the later period , and to understand the environment ,
political and economical circumstances , which it can to influenced or limited in
human behavior from choosing , the settlement sits and than ( we could ) knowledge
of living ways and the tools which they used in there living a
The purpose of the search definition on factors superior this whoever impact on the improvement the exploitation decision this detect on stock exchange markets assumption , and using questioners to data accumulate and the Iraq market of financial papers battleground to search annoy chose the eyeball extension (47) peoples from peoples employees on the market , and using the bought statistic program (SPSS) on input and analysis search data , and machinate the search outputs to their group of factors internal and external which impact on exploitation decision on financial papers markets , and the search commend on necessary rise the incumbency direction in the stock exchange
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