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Phenol Content and Peroxidase Enzyme Activity in Soybean Infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines with the Application of Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32
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Xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines (Xag) is a pathogen that causes pustule disease in soybeans. Many
techniques for controlling this disease have been widely developed, one of which is the use of biological agents.
Bacillus sp. from the soybean phyllosphere is a biological agent that has the potential to suppress the
development of pustule disease. One of the biological control mechanisms is through biochemical induction
of plant resistance which includes the accumulation of phenols, salicylic acid compounds, and peroxidase
enzymes. Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32 are two bacteria isolated from the soybean
phyllosphere which have previously been known to suppress Xag through an antibiosis mechanism. This study
aimed to determine the potential of Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32 in inducing soybean
resistance against Xag infection. This research was carried out in two stages, the induction of resistance to
soybean germination and an experiment in a greenhouse. This study consisted of 4 treatments and 5
replications, including P0 (Xag inoculation), P1 (Bacillus subtilis JB12 inoculation), P2 (Bacillus velezensis
ST32), and P3 (Bacillus subtilis JB12 + Bacillus velezensis ST32 inoculation). Observations were made on
the content of phenolic compounds, peroxidase enzyme activity, and the development of soybean pustule
disease. The results showed differences in phenol content and peroxidase activity at the two stages of the study.
Seed treatment with both isolates of Bacillus sp was able to increase the phenol content of soybean sprouts up
to 3 - 5 days after inoculation (dai). Phenol content then decreased and was followed by an increase in the
peroxidase activity up to 7 dai. The application of Xag and two isolates of Bacillus sp. in soybean plants caused
the phenol content to fluctuate and peroxidase activity to decrease. Bacillus subtilis JB12 in general played a
better role in increasing phenol content and peroxidase enzyme activity in soybean than Bacillus velezensis
ST32. The application of two isolates of Bacillus sp. was not able to prolong the incubation period and reduce
the severity of the pustule disease 14 days after inoculation.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 19 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Aesthetic and dramatic dimensions of silence in the feature film
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        Which was entitled : Aesthetic and dramatic dimensions of silence in the feature film , and the researcher clearly define after removing the confusion existing in some authorized sources , as for the concept of silence , adopted in this research is : the death of the audio stream , Hence the researcher shed a light on the aesthetic and the dramatic role of silence in the feature film , through the handing of the silent scenes ( absolute silence ) in the film research divided this research into four chapters . This first Chapter includes : methodological framework , which represents the research problem , which came with the following question : what is the mechanism of productive silence to the

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Curing of Maleimidyl Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Via Esterification and Free Radical Polymerization
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Three phenol-formaldehyde resins having pendant maleimides were prepared by poly condensation of N-(hydroxyphenyl) maleimides with formaldehyde under conditions similar to those in Novolac preparation. The prepared resins were modified by two methods, the first one includes esterification of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the prepared resins via their treatment with benzoyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl and cinnamoyl chlorides respectively in the presence of triethylamine, while the second modification includes free radical polymerization of vinylic bonds in the prepared resins to produce cross-linked thermally stable polymers.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Modifications to Accelerate the Iterative Algorithm for the Single Diode Model of PV Model
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This paper discussed the solution of an equivalent circuit of solar cell, where a single diode model is presented. The nonlinear equation of this model has suggested and analyzed an iterative algorithm, which work well for this equation with a suitable initial value for the iterative. The convergence of the proposed method is discussed. It is established that the algorithm has convergence of order six. The proposed algorithm is achieved with a various values of load resistance. Equation by means of equivalent circuit of a solar cell so all the determinations is achieved using Matlab in ambient temperature. The obtained results of this new method are given and the absolute errors is demonstrated.

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 16 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
Fuzzy Nonparametric Regression Model Estimation Based on some Smoothing Techniques With Practical Application
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In this research, we use fuzzy nonparametric methods based on some smoothing techniques, were applied to real data on the Iraqi stock market especially the data about Baghdad company for soft drinks for the year (2016) for the period (1/1/2016-31/12/2016) .A sample of (148) observations was obtained in order to construct a model of the relationship between the stock prices (Low, high, modal) and the traded value by comparing the results of the criterion (G.O.F.) for three techniques , we note that the lowest value for this criterion was for the K-Nearest Neighbor at Gaussian function .

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Variable Selection Using aModified Gibbs Sampler Algorithm with Application on Rock Strength Dataset
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Variable selection is an essential and necessary task in the statistical modeling field. Several studies have triedto develop and standardize the process of variable selection, but it isdifficultto do so. The first question a researcher needs to ask himself/herself what are the most significant variables that should be used to describe a given dataset’s response. In thispaper, a new method for variable selection using Gibbs sampler techniqueshas beendeveloped.First, the model is defined, and the posterior distributions for all the parameters are derived.The new variable selection methodis tested usingfour simulation datasets. The new approachiscompared with some existingtechniques: Ordinary Least Squared (OLS), Least Absolute Shrinkage

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Risk measurement and its role in preparing the target cash flow statement and rationalizing administrative decisions
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Abstract :

The Aims of this research is to describe the concept of risk, its type and method of measurement, and to clarify the impact of these risks on the expected cash flow statement and the preparation of the target cash flow statement that takes these risks into consideration. Because the local economic environment is exposed to many risks, Therefore, this list will be predictive, which will help the economic unit to make administrative decisions, especially decisions related to operational, investment and financing activities. Therefore, the research problem is based on the fact that most of the local economic units are the list of flows According to the actual basis and not according to the discretionary basis (bud

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Nouns and attributes And what the Kalamayons termed it
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Many people, especially among the youth or scholars, wonder about the position of Islam or the scholars of faith on the terminology used by scholars of theology in a certain period of time, and then circulated by people throughout the times and to the present day, such as the terms (the old, the maker, the updated, the cause and the cause) and so on, and this What I felt myself while teaching this subject from some of the students, some of whom consider it blasphemy, and some of them consider it an innovation of speech, and so there were many questions about this subject, which led me to write and research it, after relying on God Almighty, although the research is not long due to the nature of This topic on the one hand, and because I d

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences
Analyzing big data sets by using different panelized regression methods with application: Surveys of multidimensional poverty in Iraq
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Poverty phenomenon is very substantial topic that determines the future of societies and governments and the way that they deals with education, health and economy. Sometimes poverty takes multidimensional trends through education and health. The research aims at studying multidimensional poverty in Iraq by using panelized regression methods, to analyze Big Data sets from demographical surveys collected by the Central Statistical Organization in Iraq. We choose classical penalized regression method represented by The Ridge Regression, Moreover; we choose another penalized method which is the Smooth Integration of Counting and Absolute Deviation (SICA) to analyze Big Data sets related to the different poverty forms in Iraq. Euclidian Distanc

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The The Application of Virtual Reality to (Mechatronics Engineering) by Creating an Articulated Robotic Work Cell Using EON Reality V9.22.24.24477
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Virtual reality, VR, offers many benefits to technical education, including the delivery of information through multiple active channels, the addressing of different learning styles, and experiential-based learning. This paper presents work performed by the authors to apply VR to engineering education, in three broad project areas: virtual robotic learning, virtual mechatronics laboratory, and a virtual manufacturing platform. The first area provides guided exploration of domains otherwise inaccessible, such as the robotic cell components, robotic kinematics and work envelope.  The second promotes mechatronics learning and guidance for new mechatronics engineers when dealing with robots in a safe and interactive manner. And the thir

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Green synthesis of nano binary oxide SiO2/V2O5 NPs integrated ointment cream application on wound dressings and skin cancer cells
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Green synthesis is depending on preparation of nano composited SiO2/V2O5 by using the modified sol-gel method depending on rice husk ash as a source for the extraction of silica gel and the product powder of nano composited SiO2/V2O5 characterization by many techniques such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and N2 adsorptions/desorption isotherms (BET). This study also includs the biological effectiveness of SiO2/V2O5 and its effect on inhibiting bacterial growth after the prepared nanomaterial was applied to wound dressings, which gave a promising result for its use as

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