The electrospun nanofibers membranes (ENMs) have gained great attention due to their superior performance. However, the low mechanical strength of ENMs, such as the rigidity and low strength, limits their applications in many aspects which need adequate strength, such as water filtration. This work investigates the impact of electrospinning parameters on the properties of ENMs fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solved in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF). The studied electrospinning parameters were polymer concentration, solution flow rate, collector rotating speed, and the distance between the needle and collector. The fabricated ENMs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the surface morphology and estimate the average fiber sizes. The membrane porosity percentage was measured using the dry-wet weight method. Also, a dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to determine the mechanical strength properties (tensile strength and Young's modulus) (DMA). The obtained results revealed that the polymer concentration and flow rate mainly affect the porosity and fiber size in ENMs. Increasing the polymer concentration improves the strength and flexibility, while the flow rate did not show a clear effect on the mechanical strength of ENMs. Both fibers collecting speed and spinning distance did not clearly impact the membrane morphology. ENMs flexibility significantly increased with increasing the collector speed and decreasing the spinning distance. Strong and flexible ENMs with small fibers can be fabricated using 10% PAN/DMF at a flow rate of 1 mL/h, collector speed of 140 rpm, and spinning distance of 13 cm.
Biodiesel can be prepared from various types of vegetable oils or animal fats with the aid of a catalyst.
Calcium oxide (CaO) is one of the prospective heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. Modification
of CaO by impregnation on silica (SiO2) can improve the performance of CaO as catalyst. Egg shells and rice
husks as biomass waste can be used as raw materials for the preparation of the silica modified CaO catalyst.
The present study was directed to synthesize and characterize CaO impregnated SiO2 catalyst from biomass
waste and apply it as catalyst in biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation
method and characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, nitr
The growing water demand has raised serious concerns about the future of irrigated agriculture in many parts all over the world, changing environmental conditions and shortage of water (especially in Iraq) have led to the need for a new system that efficiently manages the irrigation of crops. With the increasing population growing at a rapid pace, traditional agriculture will have a tough time meeting future food demands. Water availability and conservation are major concerns for farmers. The configuration of the smart irrigation system was designed based on data specific to the parameters concerning the characteristics of the plant and the properties of soil which are measured once i
Aim: to determine the effectiveness of women's self-care instructions on their post cesarean section care in Baghdad
teaching hospital.
Methodology: The present study used quasi-experimental study design in maternity words in Baghdad teaching
hospital. The sample was collected and follow up for the period (15) January 2014 until 15 May 2014 Nonprobability
(purposive sample) of (100) women post cesarean section divided in to two groups (50) women post
cesarean section considered as a study group, and another (50) women post cesarean section considered as the
control one, A questionnaire designed as a tool to collect data fit the purpose of the study a questionnaire include
demographic variables, Reproductive variables
Countries have faced the challenges of high levels of public debt and seek to define the optimum limits to reduce risks to which the financial system can be exposed and its impact on the economy as a whole. Hence the importance of research in studying the impact of internal and external public debt components on indicators of stability of the financial system for the period 2005-2017 for the purpose of knowing the extent of the financial stability indicators response to the high level of the public debt from its optimum ratio, as the aim of the research is to estimate and analyze the dynamic relationship of short and long term between the components of public debt and indicators of financial stability using the (ARDL) model that
... Show MoreThe aim of this work is to study the factors that affect the welding joint of dissimilar metals. Austenitic stainless steel-type AISI (316L) with a thickness of (2mm) was welded to carbon steel (1mm) using an MIG spot welding. The filler metal is a welding wire of the type E80S-G (according to AWS) is used with (1.2mm) diameter and CO2 is used as shielding gas with flow rate (7L/min) for all times was used in this work.
The results indicate that the increase of the welding current tends to increase the size of spot weld, and also increases the sheer force. Whereas the sheer force increased inversely with the time of welding. Furthermore, the results indicate that i
... Show MoreThe significant shift in the Fine Arts, who led the avant-garde movements and creative which appeared in the modern, specifically in the mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth century era path, embodied in a clear show of new aesthetic value rejects traditional methods put in shape and color qualities She described the movements subjectivity or no formal, was intended to determine the direct function of expression and speech language in the visual arts away from the representation and simulation of reality was accompanied by the appearance of those fine movements directed towards a global approach to design carries features and clear in its organizations formalism of the most important move away from the symmetry and the adoption of
... Show MoreThe aim of this study to identify patterns of cerebral control (right and left) for second grade students in the collage of physical education and sports science of the University of Baghdad, as well as identify the definition of theThe Effect of Using the Bybee Strategy(5ES) according to Brain Control Patterns in Learning a Kinetic Series on Floor exercises in Artistic Gymnastics for menمجلة الرياضة المعاصرةالمجلد 19 العدد 1 عام 2020effect using the (Bybee) strategy (5ES) according to brain control patterns inlearning a Kinetic series on floor exercises In artistic gymnastics for men, andidentify the best combination between the four research groups learn, use Finderexperimental method research sample consi
... Show MoreAbstract:
There is a close relationship between rigidity and distort structure of production and productivity and inflation rates. The effects of this relationship are distorted the contribution rate of the productive sectors and the disproportionate of exchange rate in foreign trade.
raising the general level of prices is one of the way that have been used by previous governments (inflationary financing or deficit financing) in order to speed up the process of capital formation, depending on the availability of economic resources idle.
The fabricating inflation for development does not represent a true understanding of the nature of the
... Show More
Where the accounting system in Iraq is still using many of these accounting practices according to the legal requirements to measure assets and liabilities away from the measurement that results in information representing the economic essence and represent honestly the financial situation and financial performance and future cash flows, and the needs of users of financial reports to useful accounting information adopted The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) represents the true representation of accounting information in accordance with the concept of economic substance, which is the basis for the preparation and development of international accounting standards, and because accounting is part of the
... Show More