Algae have been used in different applications in various fields such as the pharmaceutical industry, environmental treatments, and biotechnology. Studies show that the preparation of nanoparticles by a green synthesis method is a promising solution to many medical and environmental issues. In the current study, the green alga Stigeoclonium attenuatum (Hazen) F.S. Collins 1909 was isolated and identified from the Al-Hillah River (Governorate of Babylon) in the middle of Iraq. The green synthesis by the aqueous extract of algae was used to prepare the nanoflakes of ZnO. Nanoflakes of ZnO are characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with flakes shape and dimensions ranging between 200-500 nm and thickness between 20-23 nm. And this study comprises a test of ZnO nanoflakes efficiency as a photocatalyst factor, thus experiments set of an aqueous solution of methylene blue with ZnO nanoflakes and exposed to sunlight have been conducted. The absorbance of methylene blue at 660 nm reduces over time and almost vanishes between 60-120 minutes. Consequently, it is obvious that in the presence of sunlight, pristine ZnO nanoflakes are photocatalytically active with a degradation efficiency of 97%. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoflakes that were prepared by aqueous extract of algae was evaluated against some resistant strains of bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sp. and the antibacterial activity of NPs rises as concentration increases 50, 100, and 150 μg/ml.
The current study is descriptive; it focuses on studying the contemporary geopolitical problem, and sectarian differences in Caucasus. Nagorno-Karabakh is considered an important disputed region nowadays. Many parties and states participated in this dispute, especially after the conflict had developed into an open war between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Thus, the study aims to examine the causes of the conflict in this region, analyze the international positions on this conflict, and find if Armenia was able to occupy this region. The methodology adopted by the researchers is the functional approach, and the theory of power analysis that Cohen created for analyzing all strengths that drove each of the parties t
... Show MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which independent auditors can audit the requirements of e-commerce related to (infrastructure requirements, legislation and regulations, tax laws, and finally human cadres). To achieve this, a questionnaire was designed for auditors. Numerous statistical methods, namely arithmetic mean and standard deviation, have been used through the implementation of the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program.
The research has reached several results, the most important of which are: There are noobstacles to enabling the auditor to audit the application of the e-commerce requirements as well as the respective(infrastructure requirements, legislation and regulations, t
... Show MoreThe progress of science in all its branches and levels made great civilized changes of
our societies in the present day, it's a result of the huge amount of knowledge, the increase of
number of students, and the increase of community awareness proportion of the importance of
education in schools and universities, it became necessary for us as educators to look at
science from another point of view based on the idea of scientific development of curricula
and teaching methods and means of education, and for the studying class environment as a
whole, by computer and internet use in education to the emergence of the term education
technology, which relies on the use of modern technology to provide educational content to<
Traditional accounting takes only one dimension (economic) in calculating the value added of the company, and all other aspects (including environmental and social) are neglected, and despite the emergence of Sustainability Accounting and the interest of companies in preparing sustainability reports, these reports are suffering from many problems, including multiple metrics used in measuring companies (cash, quantity and lavish). In addition, these reports may reach dozens of pages in some companies and this causes the problem (information overload) which affects the qualitative properties of accounting information such as appropriate and relative, which requires the need to find a tool that can measure the Sustainability Unit of
... Show MoreThis study involved preparation of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using Hummer method and chemical method respectively. These carbon nanomaterials were used as starting material to make novel functionalize with thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) which was prepared by reacting CS2 with hydrazine to form GO or RGO- 4-amino,5-substituted 1H,1,2,4 Triazole 5(4H) thion (ASTT) ,(GOT) and( RGOT) respectively via cyclocondensation reaction. Also MnO2 nanorod was prepared to form hybridized with GOT and RGOT. A commercial multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and functionalization with carboxylic groups' (f-MWCNT) and its nanocomposite with GOT were also prepared. All carbon nanomaterials were characterized with different techniques such as
... Show MoreFive levels of Zn-EDTA fertilizer and foliar application of boron were used to study the local rice response through studying of some vegetative and reproductive growth characters, by conducting two field experiments at Kanipanka Agricultural Research Station during the summer season of 2004 by using RCBD with three replications. Significant differences were found in studied characters, there were increase in the number of days from seeding to 50% flowering (94.330-96.233) days, from 50% flowering to physiological maturity (37.50-38.28) days, plant height (82.50-91.423) cm and LAI (5.441-7.525). Reproductive characters such as number of grains panicle-1 (74.11-85.88), number of panicles m-2 (321.00-426.083), biological yield (8166.166-11082
... Show MoreIn this paper, a theoretical study of the energy spectra and the heat capacity of one electron quantum dot with Gaussian Confinement in an external magnetic field are presented. Using the exact diagonalization technique, the Hamiltonian of the Gaussian Quantum Dot (GQD) including the electron spin is solved. All the elements in the energy matrix are found in closed form. The eigenenergies of the electron were displayed as a function of magnetic field, Gaussian confinement potential depth and quantum dot size. Explanations to the behavior of the quantum dot heat capacity curve, as a function of external applied magnetic field and temperature, are presented.
In this study, the aqueous extract of (Typha domingensis Pers.) pollen grain (qurraid) to know its ability to manufacture silver nanoparticles. Qurraid is a semi-solid yellow food substance, sold in Basra markets and eaten by the local population. It is made from the pollen of the T. domingensis Pers. plant after being pressed and treated with water vapor. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reaction was done to identify the active compounds of qurraid aqueous extract. The ability of the aqueous extract of qurraid to manufacture silver nanoparticles was tested, and the construction of silver nanoparticles was inferred by the reaction mixture's color, which ranged from yellow to dark brown. The synthesi
... Show Moreتم في هذه الدراسة ، تزيين رقائق أكسيد الجرافين (GO) بجسيمات كوبلتيت النيكل النانوية NiCo2O4(NC) عن طريق الترسيب في الموقع ، وتم استخدام المتراكب المحضر (NC: GO) كسطح ماز لإزالة صبغة الميثيل الخضراء ( MG) من المحاليل المائية. تم التحقق من التغطية الناجحة لأوكسيد الجرافين بجزيئات كوبلتيت النيكل النانوية (NC) باستخدام دراسات FT-IR وحيود الأشعة السينية (XRD). كانت أحجام الجسيم
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