Obesity is an escalating health problem in developing countries. One to ten children worldwide are overweight in a report showed by the International Obesity Task Force. Ghrelin, orexigenic peptide, has 28 amino acids, it is considered the greatest remarkable promotion in the last two decades for understanding the physiological changes of action regulating food intake and hunger. Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide nearly connected to ghrelin that secures from substitution splicing the alike resort molecule, pre-proghrelin. The study is designed to assess the level of ghrelin and obestatin in Iraqi obese children and its relation with other biochemical parameters. Ghrelin and obeststin levels were measured in sixty obese children; the range of their age was (5-16) years, and this group was compared to 30 children in a healthy state as a control. Serum FBS, PPBS, and also lipid profiles (TG, TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c) were determined in the studied groups. Calculation of insulin resistance was done by using (HOMA-IR) a Homeostasis Model assessment of insulin resistance. Ghrelin levels were lower in a significant way in subjects who have obesity in comparison with control group. Significantly, there was a high increase in obestatin in obese patients when compared with control. This study demonstrates that obestatin raises and ghrelin is low in obesity, these hormones are related to the resistance of insulin, and there is an association between ghrelin and oxidative stress. The scales between obestatin and ghrelin are likely disturbed in obesity.
The effect of air injection angle on the performance of airlift pump used for water pumping has been studied analytically and experimentally. An airlift pump of dimensions 42mm diameter and 2200 mm length with conventional and modified air injection device was considered. A modification on conventional injection device (normal air-jacket type) was carried out by changing injection angle from 90 (for conventional) to 45 and 22.5 (for modified). Continuity and one-dimensional momentum balance for the flow field with basic principle of two-phase flow and expressions of slip ratio and friction factor as function of flow rates were formulated. The analytical and experimental investigations were carried out f
... Show MoreThe drill bit is the most essential tool in drilling operation and optimum bit selection is one of the main challenges in planning and designing new wells. Conventional bit selections are mostly based on the historical performance of similar bits from offset wells. In addition, it is done by different techniques based on offset well logs. However, these methods are time consuming and they are not dependent on actual drilling parameters. The main objective of this study is to optimize bit selection in order to achieve maximum rate of penetration (ROP). In this work, a model that predicts the ROP was developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on 19 input parameters. For the
In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using an eco-friendly method synthesized in a single step biosynthetic using leaves aqueous extract of Piper nigrum, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Eucalyptus globulus act as a reducing and capping agents, as a function of volume ratio of aqueous extract(100ppm) to AgNO3 (0.001M), (1: 10, 2: 10, 3: 10). The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared AgNPs showed surface Plasmon resonance centered at 443, 440, and 441 nm for sample prepared using extract Piper nigrum, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Eucalyptus respectively. The XRD pattern showed that the strong intense peaks
This paper presents studying the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for the simultaneous removal of Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions from binary and ternary aqueous solutions. Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions with two different initial concentrations (e.g., 10 and 50 ppm) were selected as examples of heavy metals that contaminate the groundwater as a result of geological and human activities. This study investigated the effect of types of PES membrane and metal ions concentration on the separation process. For the binary aqueous solutions, the permeation flux of the PES2 membranes was higher for the separation process of solutions containing 50 ppm of Cd2+ ions and 10 ppm of Co2+ ions (24.7 L
... Show MoreExpanded use of antibiotics may increase the ability of pathogenic bacteria to develop antimicrobial resistance. Greater attention must be paid to applying more sustainable techniques for treating wastewater contaminated with antibiotics. Semiconductor photocatalytic processes have proven to be the most effective methods for the degradation of antibiotics. Thus, constructing durable and highly active photocatalytic hybrid materials for the photodegradation of antibiotic pollutants is challenging. Herein, FeTiO3/Fe-doped g-C3N4 (FTO/FCN) heterojunctions were designed with different FTO to FCN ratios by matching the energy level of semiconductors, thereby developing effective direct Z-type heterojunctions. The photodegradation behaviors of th
... Show MoreIn this work, two graphene oxide (GO) samples were prepared using the Hummers method with graphite (g) and KMnO4 (g) ratios of 1:3 (GO3) and 1:6 (GO6). The effect of oxidation degree on the structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of the GO samples was investigated. The structures of the GO samples were studied using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). XRD analysis revealed an increase in the interlayer spacing and a decrease in the number of layers of the samples with increasing oxidant content. The two GO samples have giant permittivity values of ~105 in the low-frequency
... Show MorePeriodontitis is a chronic inflammation affecting the tooth-supporting periodontal tissues. It is diagnosed by measuring periodontal parameters. However, documenting this data takes effort and may not discover early periodontitis. Biomarkers may help diagnose and assess periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential diagnostic of the salivary tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor-activator of nuclear factor ĸ-B-ligand (RANKL) in distinguishing between periodontitis and healthy periodontium.
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