Anthropogenic activities cause soil pollution with different serious pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) compounds. This study assessed the contamination of PAHs in soil samples collected from 30 sites divided into eight groups (residential areas, oil areas, agricultural areas, roads, petrol stations, power plants, public parks and electrical generators) in Basrah city-Iraq during 2019-2020. The soil characteristics including (moisture, pH, EC and TOC) were measured. Results showed the following ranges (soil moisture (0.03-0.18%),pH (6.90-8.16), EC (2.48-104.80) mS/cm and TOC (9.90-20.50%)). Gas Chromatography (GC) was used to measure PAHs in extracted soil samples. The total PAH range (499.96 - 5864.86) ng/g dry weight (DW). The most dominant percentage of PAHs in (residential areas, oil areas, agricultural areas, roads, petrol stations, power plants, public parks and electrical generators) in dry season were (BghiP 36% , Chy 29% ,BkF 26% , BaP 18% ,BghiP 27% , InP 40% , BbF 19% and BbF 12%) respectively, while in wet season the most dominant PAHs were (Pyr 22% , BbF 16%, BkF 32% , BbF 36% , BkF 38% , Pyr 26% , BbF 43% and Pyr 35%) respectively. According to some calculated ratios, the sources of PAHs in Basrah soil were mixed between petrogenic and pyrogenic origins. The soil is classified from weakly to heavily contaminated with PAHs.
In this study, the activity concentrations of indoor radon, thoron
and their progeny have been measured in air for 61 different
locations of Al-Maddan city using twin cup dosimeter. Furthermore,
some useful parameters concerning the health hazards have been
estimated; working level month (WLM), annual effective dose (Eff),
and excess lung cancer per million person per year (ELC).The results
show that the values of radon gas levels in the investigated districts
varied from 56.28 to 194.43Bq/m3with an overall average value
132.96Bq/m3, while 0.313 to 1.085 for WLM with an overall average
0.740, respectively. The value of Eff and ELC have been found to
vary from 1.420 to 4.918 mSv/y with an overall average valu
Agricultural loans play an important role in the growth and stimulation of agricultural investment opportunities in Iraq, as well as the sustainability and development of existing agricultural projects. The agricultural sector is characterized by the specific conditions of seasonal production and fluctuations in production conditions, which makes the situation of uncertainty more acute in this sector, the need for any agricultural project for financing is urgent and continuous if it wants to continue production and development at all stages. The study proved the impact of agricultural loans in increasing investment and agricultural production at specific times, However, the fluctuation of funding
... Show MoreThere were many ideas and opinions on the linkage between growth and economic reform in both developed and developing countries. The relationship is, of course, existed. Therefore, this research comes to analyses it in the Iraqi economy. This study is based on a hypothesis that the economic reformation in Iraq leads to lag level of growth with the of high rates of inflation. However, the study is designed to be included five sections. It found a positive relationship between the economic reformation and slowing of economic growth, in which the specified hypothesis is not fit to the economic reality in Iraq after 2003 &
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Research Summary
This research deals with the history of the founding of one of the most prominent religious schools in Iraqi Kurdistan and its scientific and cognitive contributions that lasted for more than a century, which is the “Biyara” school, where it was a large scientific institution from which distinguished scholars graduated who served Islam and Muslims in Iraq and neighboring countries, and played an important role in teaching Mental and transport sciences and the preservation of the Arabic language in Iraqi Kurdistan. The history of the founding of this school goes back to the year 1037 AH, at the hands of its founder, Sheikh Oma
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One of the important things provided by fuzzy model is to identify the membership functions. In the fuzzy reliability applications with failure functions of the kind who cares that deals with positive variables .There are many types of membership functions studied by many researchers, including triangular membership function, trapezoidal membership function and bell-shaped membership function. In I research we used beta function. Based on this paper study classical method to obtain estimation fuzzy reliability function for both series and parallel systems.
The present study devoted to determine the ultimate lateral carrying capacity of piles foundation in contaminated clayey soils and subjected to lateral cyclical loading. Two methods have been used to calculate the lateral carrying capacity of piles foundation; the first one is two-line slopes intersection method (TLSI) and the second method is a modified model of soil degradation. The model proposed by Heerama and then developed by Smith has been modified to take into consideration the effects of heavy loads and soil contamination. The ultimate lateral carrying capacity of single pile and piles group (2×2) driven into samples of contaminated clayey soils have been calculated by using the two methods. Clayey soil samples are contami
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There is poverty because of the difference in capacity and material resources, Previously poverty known on the basis of disparity between income and inadequate income. It realize later that fare wore effects of poverty is the erosion of human capital. The human poverty is the loss of food, education, health care and shelter.
In order to provide a database that target the poor , it have been propped a document on the features of poverty and the whereabouts of the poor and the rate of disparity between provinces.
Here the goal of the research is the identify the factors affecti
... Show MoreWe can conclude that version A is substantially genuine while version B is spurious. an Attempt has been made above to show relevance of this to our understanding of the agreement itself .
The central issue of sunna to which recourse was to be had must of course be connected with development of the meaning of the word sunna from the broader (way of Proceeding ) and (generally agreed practice).
Any sweeping judgements about the invalidity of reports transmitted by shiis or supposed shii are out of place. theestablishment of realistic criteria for the appreciation of early sources for Islamic history is subject which is still in Its infancy
Iraqi provinces suffer many of the environmental problems, appear explained these problems in the city of Basra, Basra, the largest province and is among Iraq's provinces in the annexation of oil fields, which is experiencing an oil production operations of large, it suffers from the burning of gas associated with oil extraction resulting in the emission severe gas process including toxic hydrogen sulfide gas (h2S) and oxides of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen in addition to the release of toxic metal elements such as mercury, arsenic, vanadium, which caused the man many serious diseases. , And perhaps one of the most important of these problems are worsening air quality and increasing cases of air pollution and the deterioration of the qual
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