Background: Non-host-adapted Salmonella serovar Typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium, which invades and multiplies within mononuclear phagocytes in liver, spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer’s plaques. Salmonella infection is a crucial medical and veterinary problem globally. S. Typhimurium causes various clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic infection to typhoid-like syndromes in infants or highly susceptible animals, for instance mice. Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of anthrax protective antigen (PA)as a potent adjuvant mixed with killed Salmonella Typhimurium (S.T.) to enhance the immunization capacity of the last. Materials and Methods: Two groups of mice were immunized with either th

Al-Rustamiyah plant is the oldest and biggest sewage treatment plant in Iraq; it locates in the south of Baghdad city. The plant suffers from serious problems associated with overflow and low capacity. The present work aims to upgrade the heart of biological treatment process through suggesting the use of membrane bioreactor; (MBR). In this work, fouling of membrane during sewage treatment has been analyzed experimentally and theoretically by fouling mechanisms. Aeration has been applied in order to control fouling through producing effective diameters of air bubbles close to the membrane walls. Effect of air flow rate on flux decline was investigated. Hermia's models were used to investigate the fouling mechanisms. The results showed th

Abstract

Financing is one of the important pillars for activating and activating the agricultural sector, through which we can see an agricultural project on the ground. However, supplying the agricultural sector with financial resources requires a credit policy that is capable of making the right financing decision, because the financial resources are limited. The credit policy, and the financing decision, must be the best use not only to provide the necessary money, but to work to provide everything that would develop and activate the agricultural sector.

The transformation of the Agricultural Cooperative Bank of Iraq from specialized banking to the overall would lead to a decrease in the volume

In this study, sawdust as a cheap method and abundant raw material was utilized to produce active carbon (SDAC). Physiochemical activation was utilized where potassium hydroxide   used as a chemical activating agent and carbon dioxide was used as a physical activating agent. Taguchi method of experimental design was used to find the optimum conditions of SDAC production. The produced SDAC was characterized using SEM to investigate surface morphology and BET to estimate the specific surface area. SDAC was used in aqueous lead ions adsorption. Adsorption process was modeled statistically and represented by an empirical model. The highest specific surface area of SDAC was 688.3 m2/gm. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to

The research aims to build an integrated frame of knowledge for the basic research topics, represented by (assimilation of knowledge, strategic clarity) and their basic variables, by examining the most important scientific propositions on these topics in administrative thought, and framing the knowledge contained in them, in a serious attempt to provide appropriate answers to questions The research dilemma, and the research was applied in the Iraqi Airways Company, whose number is (1200) employees, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in conducting the research. A valid form for statistical analysis, i.e., with a retrieval rate of (92%). The two researchers used the (SPSS & AMOS) program for

The monetary policy is a vital method used in implementing monetary stability through: the management of income and adjustment of the price (monetary targets) in order to promote stability and growth of real output (non-cash goals); the tool of interest rate and direct investment guides or movement towards the desired destination; and supervisory instruments of monetary policy in both quantitative and qualitative. The latter is very important as a standard compass to investigate the purposes of the movement monetary policy in the economy. The public and businesses were given monetary policy signals by those tools. In fiscal policy, there are specific techniques to follow to do the spending and collection of revenue. This is done in order to

The aim of this research is to demonstrate the impact of credit risk on the banks of the study sample on the granting of loans and credit facilities, and try to reduce the size of credit risk to banks as a result of granting loans and credit facilities, credit risk is the oldest form of risk in financial markets. Every financial institution takes a degree of risk when it gives loans and credit facilities to companies and customers, It is exposed to financial losses when some borrowers fail to repay their loans as agreed, and at the same time credit facilities are the most profitable operations of the bank as it is the most profitable banking operations than other operations, so it represents the research communit

Countries have faced the challenges of high levels of public debt and seek to define the optimum limits to reduce risks to which the financial system can be exposed and its impact on the economy as a whole. Hence the importance of research in studying the impact of internal and external public debt components on indicators of stability of the financial system for the period 2005-2017 for the purpose of knowing the extent of the financial stability indicators response to the high level of the public debt from its optimum ratio, as the aim of the research is to estimate and analyze the dynamic relationship of short and long term between the components of public debt and indicators of financial stability using the (ARDL) model that

Objective: determine the effectiveness of an education program on youth's level of awareness towards
household waste control.
Methodology: A Quazi-experimental study was conducted. Non-probability (quota sample) of (80) young
persons is selected from Baghdad Governorate. They are divided into two equal groups of (40) subjects for the
study group which is exposed to the household waste control educational program. The remaining is the
control group which is not exposed to the educational program.
Results: The findings of the study indicated that youth of the study group have got benefits from the
implementation of the educational program towards household waste control and change has occurred to
their awareness tow

The possible effect of the collective motion in heavy nuclei has been investigated in the framework of Nilson model. This effect has been searched realistically by calculating the level density, which plays a significant role in the description of the reaction cross sections in the statistical nuclear theory. The nuclear level density parameter for some deformed radioisotopes of (even- even) target nuclei (Dy, W and Os) is calculated, by taking into consideration the collective motion for excitation modes for the observed nuclear spectra near the neutron binding energy. The method employed in the present work assumes equidistant spacing of the collective coupled state bands of the considered isotopes. The present calculated results for f