An isolate of Leishmania major was grown on the semisolid medium and incubated at 26ºC. The isolate was irradiated by He: Ne laser (632.8 nm, 10 mW) at exposure times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) minutes in their respective order. The unirradiated groups represent control group. Growth rate and percentage of viability were examined during six days after irradiation. The change in these two parameters reflects the effect of irradiation on the parasite. The results refers that the general growth effected by irradiation in comparison with un irradiation group, The growth rate of parasite decrease with increasing the exposure time in comparison with control group. Parasite viability decrease with irradiation and the percentage of living cell dec

Design and Construction system for recording Finger print by laser, and separted the signal to noise by holographic element, was done. For safety, total reflection lighting ensures hat aser earns an not enter An operators eyes. Holographic diffraction grating was used instead of computer program to contrast images.

Background: Cartilage forms most of the temporary skeleton of the embryo and provides a model in which most bones develop Objective: Using laser therapy to enhance autologous cartilage grafts expansibility and to analyze whether this "enhancement" results in reduced rates of cartilage resorption and greater preservation of normal architectural features compared with "unenhanced" grafts. Type of the study: Cross sectional study. Methods: 24 New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups (control and treated with 904nm, 10mW diode laser). Auricular cartilage segments measuring 1 cm2 were harvested from both ears of each rabbit, and were implanted in to the subcutaneous region of the left flank. 3 rabbits from each group were anaesthetized a

Acne scars are one of the most common problems following acne vulgaris. Despite the extensive list of available treatment modalities, their effectiveness depends upon the nature of the scar. Ablative lasers had been used to treat acne scars; one of them is the fractional CO2 laser. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of acne scars. Methods: Since January 2010 to June 2013, using 10600 nm fractional CO2 laser beams, the acne scar of 400 patients, 188 males and 212 females, mean age of 34 years, have been treated and classified according to severity into four grades following Goodman and Baron classification. Each patient underwent 3-5 sessions once monthly. The mean laser exposure time

Background: Sperm motility disorder is an important cause of infertility in male, and one of the causes of reduced motility of the sperm is the disorders of the mitochondria because it provides the required energy for sperm motility, Laser biostimulation or low-level laser therapy has a positive effect on the mitochondria and led to increasing the synthesis of ATP. Method: Twenty fresh human semen samples were used in this research study, each sample was separated into two portions, one was used as control which is not exposed to the laser beam and the other was irradiated with the wavelength of 410 nm diode laser with an output power of 100 mW and an exposure time of 60 seconds, then the measurement of

Background: Cartilage forms most of the temporary skeleton of the embryo and provides a model in which most bones developObjective: Using laser therapy to enhance autologous cartilage grafts expansibility and to analyze whether this "enhancement" results in reduced rates of cartilage resorption and greater preservation of normal architectural features compared with "unenhanced" grafts. Type of the study: Cross sectional study.Methods: 24 New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups (control and treated with 904nm, 10mW diode laser). Auricular cartilage segments measuring 1 cm2 were harvested from both ears of each rabbit, and were implanted in to the subcutaneous region of the left flank. 3 rabbits from each group were anaesthetized

Nano TiO₂ thin films on glass substrates were prepared at a constant temperature of (373 K) and base vacuum (10_-3 mbar), by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. The effects of different laser energies between (700-1000)mJ on the properties of TiO₂ films was investigated. TiO₂ thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements have shown that the polycrystalline TiO₂ prepared at laser energy 1000 mJ. Preparation also includes optical transmittance and absorption measurements as well as measuring the uniformity of the surface of these films. Optimum parameters have been identified for the growth of high-quality TiO₂ films

يعتبر "تاج الأشواك" أو نبات شوكة المسيح، وهو من نباتات الزينة الطبية ، ينتمي إلى جنس يوفوربيا. E. milii يحتوي كميات وفيرة من المركبات الفينولية ، التربينات، الستيرويدات والقلويدات. كانت الأهداف الرئيسية لهذه الدراسة هي فحص مستخلصات الفلافونويد والنانو فلافونويد ضد نوعين من خطوط الخلايا السرطانية. تم تصنيع مركبات الفلافونويد النانوية عن طريق تفاعل مركب الكيتوسان والماليك اسد. تم تحليل مركبات الفلافونويد ال

Background: Incorporation of chemical additives has long been a technique used to improve properties of the gypsum products. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of adding a combination of gum Arabic and calcium hydroxide to a type III dental stone and type IV improved die stone with different proportion. The effect on water/powder ratio, and surface hardness was determined. Material and method: Both material stone and die stone were blended with two proportion of additives so that each material was mixed twice but with different proportion of gum Arabic (0.1% and 0.2%) and calcium hydroxide (0.5 % and 0.3%). Data for hardness were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. Results: The results revealed that the chemical additi

 The diverse urban spaces of the streets is an important part of the city's physicist configuration and a link between architectural and civilizational communication through time starting from the historic towns down to the contemporary cities, within the proposals of the future cities. From general observations and literature review a research problem is crystallized as some directions not arbitrary rational when expansion and the growth of cities, and other measures wrong or the existence of some incorrect actions and processes related to the cities planning as a categorizing the goals and priorities in city plan.The streets were constitute a high proportion of the total area of cities, where up to over 30% in major cities. These