Tin Selenide (SnSe) Nano crystalline thin films of thickness 400±20 nm were deposited on glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique at R.T under a vacuum of ∼ 2 × 10− 5 mbar to study the effect of annealing temperatures (as-deposited, 100, 150 and 200) °C on its structural, surface morphology and optical properties. The films structure was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) which showed that all the films have polycrystalline in nature and orthorhombic structure, with the preferred orientation along the (111) plane. These films was synthesized of very fine crystallites size of (14.8-24.5) nm, the effect of annealing temperatures on the cell parameters, crystallite size and dislocation density were observed.

Cadmium sulphide CdS films with 200 nm have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrate at substrate room temperature under vacuum of 10^-5mbar.In this paper, the effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma on the optical properties of the CdS film. The prepared films were exposed to different time intervals (0, 3, 5, 8) min. For every sample, the Absorption A, absorption coefficient α , energy gap Eg ,extinction coefficient K and dielectric constant ε were studied. It is found that the energy gap were decreased with exposure time, and absorption , Absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient,  dielectric constant increased with time of exposure to the plasma. Our study conside

CdS films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique at thickness 1 µm on glass substrates and these films were doped with indium (3%) by thermal diffusion method. The electrical properties of these have been investigated in the range of diffusion temperature (473-623 K)> Activation energy is increased with diffusion temperature unless at 623 K activation energy had been decreased. Hall effect results have shown that all the films n-type except at 573 and 623 K and with increase diffusion temperature both of concentration and mobility carriers were increased.

Nitrogen dioxide NO₂ is one of the most dangerous contaminant in the air, its toxic gas that cause disturbing respiratory effects, most of it emitted from industrial sources especially from the stack of power plants and oil refineries. In this study Gaussian equations modelled by Matlab program to state the effect of pollutant NO₂ gas on area around Durra refinery, this program also evaluate some elements such as wind and stability and its effect on stacks height. Data used in this study is the amount of fuel oil and fuel gas burn inside refinery at a year 2017. Hourly April month data chosen as a case study because it’s unsteady month. After evaluate emission rate of the all fuel and calculate exit velocity from

In this work the design and construction of a flash photolysis pulsed HCl laser was presented. The parameters of the pumping source and discharge current density was obtained, which sufficient to shift the flash lamp spectrum towards uv portion of spectrum. The maximum pulse laser energy parameters was measured. Total pressure and ratio of active gases to optimized the output pulse energy were measured , where at 125 mbar of total pressure and 1:7:14 Cl2:H2: He ratio, the laser energy was measured to be 200 mJ at pumping four flash lamps energy in the order of 6400J .The resonator consists of copper a near hemispherical mirror with the radius of curvature 3m coated by gold and reflectivity 98%,the output coupler sapphire mirror of

Transparent nano- coating was prepared by Sol-Gel method from titanium dioxide TiO₂ which has the ability to self-cleaning coating used for hospitals, laboratories, and places requiring permanent sterilization. Three primary colors are selected (red, blue, and yellow) as preliminary study to the effect of these colors on the nano-coating. Three traditional oil paints color were used as base, then coated by a layer of TiO₂-Sol and deposited on the paints. The optical properties of TiO₂-Sol were measured; the maximum absorption wavelength at (λ_max=387 nm), the refractive index (n=1.4423) and the energy band gap (E_g=3.2 eV). The structure properties found by X-ray diffraction of TiO

In this work, silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) thin films were deposited on metallic substrates (aluminium and titanium sheets) by the DC reactive sputtering technique using two different silicon targets (n-type and p-type Si wafers) as well as two Ar:N₂ gas mixing ratios (50:50 and 70:30). The electrical conductivity of the metallic (aluminium and titanium) substrates was measured before and after the deposition of silicon nitride thin films on both surfaces of the substrates. The results obtained from this work showed that the deposited films, in general, reduced the electrical conductivity of the substrates, and the thin films prepared from n-type silicon targets using a 50:50 mixing ratio and deposited on both

In an attempt to disposal from nuclear waste which threats our health and environments. Therefore we have to find appropriate method to immobilize nuclear waste. So, in this research the nuclear waste (Strontium hydroxide) was immobilized by Carbon nanotubes (CNTs).  The Nd-YAG laser with wave length 1064 nm, energy 750 mJ and 100 pulses used to prepare CNTs. After that adding Sr(HO)₂ powder to the CNTs colloidal in calculated rate to get homogenous mixing of CNTs-Sr(OH)_2. The Sr(HO)₂ absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to form strontium carbonate so, the  new solution is CNTs-SrCO₃. To dry solution putting three drops from the new solution on the glass slides. To investigate the radi

Polyaniline Multi walled Carbon nanotubes (PANI/MWCNTs) nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet on glass substrate with different weight percentage of MWCNTs 1, 2, 3, 4%. The diameter of the MWCNTs was in the range of 8-55 nm and length - - 55 55 μm. the nanocomposite thin films were characterized by UV-VIS, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The optical studies show that the energy band gap of PANI/MWCNTs nanocomposites thin films will be different according to the MWCNTs polyaniline concentration. The XRD pattern indicates that the synthesized PANI/MWCNTs nanocomposite is amorphous. FTIR reveals the presence of MWCNTs nanoparticle embedded into polyaniline. SEM surface images show that the MWCNT