Consider the (p,q) simple connected graph . The sum absolute values of the spectrum of quotient matrix of a graph  make up the graph's quotient energy. The objective of this study is to examine the quotient energy of identity graphs and zero-divisor graphs  of commutative rings using group theory, graph theory, and applications. In this study, the identity graphs  derived from the group  and a few classes of zero-divisor graphs  of the commutative ring R are examined.

Experimental tests were conducted to investigate the thermal performance (cooling effect) of water mist system consisting of 5μm volume median diameter droplets in reducing the heat gain entering a room through the roof and the west wall by reducing the outside surface temperature due to the evaporative cooling effect during the hot dry summer of Baghdad/Iraq. The test period
was Fifty one days during the months May, June, and July 2012. The single test day consists of 16 test hours starting from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm. The results showed a reduction range of 1.71 to 15.5℃ of the roof outside surface temperature and 21.3 to 76.6% reduction in the daily heat flux entering the room through the roof compared with the case of not using w

The various properties of the ground and excited electronic states of coumarins 102 using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was calculated by the B3LYP density functional model with 6-31G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 09 W program. Spectral characteristics of coumarin102 have been probed into by methods of experimental UV-visible, and quantum chemistry. The UV spectrum was measured in methanol. The optimized structures, total energies, electronic states (HOMO- LUMO), energy gap, ionization potentials, electron affinities, chemical potential, global hardness, softness, global electrophilictity, and dipole moment were measured. We find good agreement between experimental data of UV spectrum and

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized through the thermal decomposition of a copper(II) Schiff-base complex. The complex was formed by reacting cupric acetate with a Schiff base in a 2:1 metal-to-ligand ratio. The Schiff base itself was synthesized via the condensation of benzidine and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of glacial acetic acid. This newly synthesized symmetric Schiff base served as the ligand for the Cu(II) metal ion complex. The ligand and its complex were characterized using several spectroscopic methods, including FTIR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, CHNS, and AAS, along with TGA, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The CuO nanoparticles were produced by thermally decomposing the

In recent years, social media has been increasing widely and obviously as a media for users expressing their emotions and feelings through thousands of posts and comments related to tourism companies. As a consequence, it became difficult for tourists to read all the comments to determine whether these opinions are positive or negative to assess the success of a tourism company. In this paper, a modest model is proposed to assess e-tourism companies using Iraqi dialect reviews collected from Facebook. The reviews are analyzed using text mining techniques for sentiment classification. The generated sentiment words are classified into positive, negative and neutral comments by utilizing Rough Set Theory, Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor

The production companies in the Iraqi industry environment facing many of the problems related to the management of inventory and control In particular in determining the quantities inventory that should be hold it. Because these companies  adoption on personal experience and some simple mathematical methods which lead to the identification of inappropriate quantities of inventory.

       This research aims to identify the economic quantity of production and purchase for the Pepsi can 330ml and essential components in Baghdad soft drinks Company in an environment dominated by cases of non ensure and High fluctuating as a result of fluctuating demand volumes and costs ass

This paper deals  with constructing mixed probability distribution  from exponential with scale parameter (β) and also Gamma distribution with (2,β), and the mixed proportions are (  .first of all, the probability density function (p.d.f) and also cumulative distribution function (c.d.f) and also the reliability function are obtained. The parameters of mixed distribution, ( ,β)  are estimated by three different methods, which are  maximum likelihood, and  Moments method,as well proposed method (Differential Least Square Method)(DLSM).The comparison is done using simulation procedure, and all the results are explained in tables.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and prove some coupled coincidence fixed point theorems for self mappings satisfying -contractive condition with rational expressions on complete partially ordered metric spaces involving altering distance functions with mixed monotone property of the mapping. Our results improve and unify a multitude of coupled fixed point theorems and generalize some recent results in partially ordered metric space. An example is given to show the validity of our main result. 

One of the wellbore instability problems in vertical wells are breakouts in Zubair oilfield. Breakouts, if exceeds its critical limits will produce problems such as loss circulation which will add to the non-productive time (NPT) thus increasing loss in costs and in total revenues. In this paper, three of the available rock failure criteria (Mohr-Coulomb, Mogi-Coulomb and Modified-Lade) are used to study and predict the occurrence of the breakouts. It is found that there is an increase over the allowable breakout limit in breakout width in Tanuma shaly formation and it was predicted using Mohr-Coulomb criterion. An increase in the pore pressure was predicted in Tanuma shaly formation, thus; a new mud weight and casing pr

This document provides an examination of research, on combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and optical fibers in communication networks. With the increasing need for data speeds and efficient use of bandwidth experts have been exploring the connection between OFDM, valued for its ability to handle multipath interference and optimize spectral usage and optical fiber technology which provides superior data transmission capabilities with low signal loss and strong protection, against electromagnetic disturbances. The review summarizes discoveries from studies examining the pros and cons of using OFDM, in optical communication networks. It discusses obstacles like fiber nonlinearity, chromatic dispersion and the effects o