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The Calculation and Analysis of the Total Electron Content Over Different Latitudes and Seasons Using the Numerical Trapezoidal and Simpson Methods
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It has been shown in ionospheric research that calculation of the total electron content (TEC) is an important factor in global navigation system. In this study, TEC calculation was performed over Baghdad city, Iraq, using a combination of two numerical methods called composite Simpson and composite Trapezoidal methods. TEC was calculated using the line integral of the electron density derived from the International reference ionosphere IRI2012 and NeQuick2 models from 70 to 2000 km above the earth surface. The hour of the day and the day number of the year, R12, were chosen as inputs for the calculation techniques to take into account latitudinal, diurnal and seasonal variation of TEC. The results of latitudinal variation of TEC show anomally called equatorial ionization anomally which presents two crests about the geomagnetic equators. The mean absolute percent errors MAPE for two numerical methods using the electron density profiles shown above were 0.0253, 0.02273 and 0.0213, 0.0124 respectively. The results of seasonal variation of TEC show a larger values for spring and autumn equinoxes other than for summer and winter seasons. The MAPE for autumn equinox has the smallest value than for summer, winter seasons and spring equinox. The MAPE for spring equinox equals to 0.01093 and 0.01015 for Simpson and Trapezoidal methods respectively. For autumn, summer and winter, the MAPE equals to 0.005825 and 0.006629 and 0.04682 and 0.0454, 0.01253 and 0.01231 for Simpson and Trapezoidal methods respectively.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Public Health Research & Development
Effectiveness of an education program on hemodialysis patients, knowledge towards dietary regimen at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al-Nasiriyha City
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 17 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
PDF Photodynamic effect of Rose Bengal activated by low-level laser light on S. aureus : Qusay K. Abbas*, Layla M. Hassan
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Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is Gram-positive bacteria that lives as a normal flora in living organisms but can be pathogenic to humans. Although a relatively unspectacular, nonmotile coccoid bacterium, S. aureus is a dangerous human pathogen in both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Due to the increasing emergence of new strains of this antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it has become essential to approach different methods to control this pathogen. One of these methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation process using a low-level laser, in this paper, the Photodynamic effects of Rose Bengal and LLLL on the virulence factors of S.aureus were evaluated.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Female Students’ Practices toward Premenstrual Syndrome at Secondary Schools in Third Al- Rusafa Education Directorate
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Objective: Determination the effectiveness of educational program on female students’ practices toward premenstrual.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted involving (140) student purposely in four secondary schools at Al-sadder city (70) student for study group and (70) for control group. The prevalence of PMS selected through American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2015) criteria to select PMS students before program. The education program were set in four steps, the first step (pre-test) is to assess the practices, before the implementation of the program, the second step is implementing the program, following two steps post-test  I and II betwe

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2026
Journal Name
Microchemical Journal
Modification of screen-printed carbon electrode through nanocomposite ZIF-67/MoO3 in Deep eutectic solvent water mixtures to enhance fentanyl sensitivity
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 29 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Nanoscience
Preparation of N-A Cysteine-capped CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs as a Selective Probe for Detecting Damaged DNA
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In this study, NAC-capped CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/double shell QDs were synthesized in an aqueous medium to investigate their utility in distinguishing normal DNA from mutated DNA extracted from biological samples. Following the interaction between the synthesized QDs with DNA extracted from leukemia cases (represents damaged DNA) and that of healthy donors (represents undamaged DNA), differential fluorescent emission maxima and intensities were observed. It was found that damaged DNA from leukemic cells DNA-QDs conjugates at 585 nm while intact DNA (from healthy subjects) DNA–QDs conjugates at 574 nm. The obtained results from the optical analyses indicate that the prepared QDs could be utilized as probe for detecting disrupted DNA th

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 27 2023
Journal Name
8th Engineering And 2nd International Conference For College Of Engineering – University Of Baghdad: Coec8-2021 Proceedings
Experimental study of natural convection heat transfer on an enclosure partially filled porous medium heated from below by constant heat flux
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This study reports on natural convection heat transfer in a square enclosure of length (L=20 cm) with a saturated porous medium (solid glass beads) having same fluid (air) at lower horizontal layer and free air fill in the rest of the cavity's space. The experimental work has been performed under the effects of heating from bottom by constant heat flux q=150,300,450,600 W/m2 for four porous layers thickness Hp (2.5,5,7.5,1) cm and three heaters length δ(20,14,7) cm. The top enclosure wall was good insulated and the two side walls were symmetrically cooled at constant temperature. Four layers of porous media with small porosity, Rayleigh number range (60.354 - 241.41) and (Da) 3.025x10-8 has been investigated. The obtained data of temperatu

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Dentistry
Bond Strength Survival of a Novel Calcium Phosphate‐Enriched Orthodontic Self‐Etching System after Various Ageing Protocols: An In Vitro Study
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Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the orthodontic bond strength and enamel‐preserving ability of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticles‐containingself‐etch system following exposure to various ageing methods. Materials and Methods. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) were incorporated into an orthodontic self‐etch primer (SEP, Transbond™ plus) in three different concentrations (5%, 7%, and 9% wt) and tested versus the plain SEP (control) for shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores, and enamel damage in range‐finding experiments using premolar teeth. The best‐performing formulation was further exposed to the following four artificial ageing metho

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 05 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Salivary TNF-α andAlkaline Phosphatase in Relation to Gingival Health Condition According to Nutritional Status among a Group of School Children
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 26 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Contemporary Medical Sciences
Comparative Evaluation of Early Pregnancy Outcomes Following Ovulation Induction with Letrozole Versus Clomiphene Citrate: Evidence from a Prospective Iraqi Cohort Study
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Objectives: To compare early pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and congenital anomalies, among women who conceived following ovulation induction with letrozole or clomiphene citrate. Methods: A prospective comparative observational study was conducted at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital and a private clinic in Baghdad, Iraq, from March 2023 to December 2024. One hundred infertile women aged 21–35 years who conceived after ovulation induction with either letrozole (5 mg/day) or clomiphene citrate (100 mg/day) for five days (cycle days 3–7) were enrolled. Participants were followed through early pregnancy with serial sonography at 6, 8–11, and 18–20 weeks of gestation. Data

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2016
Journal Name
Chem Istry & Chem Ical Technology
SYN TH ESIS, CH ARACTERIZATION AN D AN TIM ICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF N EW N UCLEOSIDE AN ALOGUES FROM BEN ZOTRIAZOLE
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Novel derivatives of 1-(´1, ´3, ´4, ´6-tetra benzoyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl)-1H- benzotriazole and 1-(´1, ´3, ´4, ´6-tetra benzoyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl)-1H- benzotriazole carrying Schiff bases moiety were synthesised and fully characterised. The protection of D- fructose using benzoyl chloride was synthesized, followed by nucleophilic addition/elimination between benzotria- zole and chloroacetyl chloride to give 1-(1- chloroacetyl)- 1H-benzotriazole. The next step was condensation reaction of protected fructose and 1-(1-chloroacetyl)-1H- benzotriazole producing a new nucleoside analogue. The novel nucleoside analogues underwent a second conden- sation reaction with different aromatic and aliphatic amines to provide new Schiff b

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