Solar cells thin films were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a thin film, with extract of natural pigment from local flower. A concentration of 0.1g/ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution in water was prepared for four samples, with various concentrations of plant pigment (0, 15, 25 and 50) % added to each of the four solutions separately for preparing (PVA with low concentrated dye , PVA with medium concentrated dye and PVA with high concentrated dye ) thin films respectively . Ultraviolet absorption regions were obtained by computerized UV-Visible (CECIL 2700). Optical properties including (absorbance, reflectance, absorption coefficient, energy gap and dielectric constant) via UV- Vis were tested, too. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer was employed to test the samples. Thermal analysis of thin films, including melting point (Tm), onset degree, endset degree, and crystallinity% were tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Three dimensional morphologies of thin films were inspected by atomic force microscopy (ATM). Contact angle also was tested as an index to hydrophilicity. Results proved that the ultraviolet and FTIR absorption increase after adding the natural pigment to PVA thin film, as well as it increases with increasing concentration of natural pigment. DSC analysis revealed an increase of PVA melting point when adding 15% concentration and it decreases with a 50% concentration of pigment. AFM results show an increase in surface roughness, hence the surface bearing index of PVA thin films is inversely proportional to pigment concentration. Contact angle decreases from 46.5° for pure PVA thin film to 44. 8°, 42. 6° and 35.2° after adding (15, 25, and 50)% concentration of natural dye respectively. Optical properties were enhanced by adding the natural dye, hence energy gap decreased from 3 eV for pure PVA to 2.3 eV for the PVA with a high concentrate dye. Dielectric constant increased with increasing concentration of dye, which leads to high polarization of solar cell.
In this research was the study of the educational values when Shafei, contained in hair Shafi'i, and that what the role of these values in the education of generations, and the possibility of their application in the educational curriculum. Find addressed Shafei life and his time. The values derived from his hair, as well as quoting from the Koran and influenced by it, which is evident in the hair, governance and eating Alomthal.okzlk Find the importance of this thought in modern education, so as to realism and ease of application. It is the search results, the Shafi'i put thought educationally integral based on the Koran rise to the level of theory. Find and conclusions: that education in its present situation
... Show MoreEnvironment suffered in recent years a large corrupting by human; and because of his ignorance of the dimensions of Caliphate in the ground and ignore what it means gearing. The gearing is that the son of Adam, which will benefit the board of Allah Almighty to him in the land of the causes of life, without exaggeration or negligence and without prejudice to the cosmic Balnoames enacted by the Almighty Creator, has urged verses of the Quran Muslim to preserve and protect the environment which is a religious duty, as it showed a great verses he is the author and the splendor and beauty of workmanship and manufacturer greatness of the Almighty, who created all things beautiful.
Koran played a major role in the consolidation of environmen
which is much useful in the Arabic Language generally in the Holly Quran especially. It is the pronoun I have taken in the semantic aspect from it and I have done on the surra sabba which varities the semantical pronoun in it among the pronoun of the speaker the conscience of the addressee the absent such the the siprat pronoun that comes in it with the explanation for its importance and its work and this is the subject of the first unit which I advanced it from the concept of the pronoun Linguistically and convention. After that I have lighten in some meanings which I have done in the surrat as a semantic , magnification , proud, reprimand and others which I ended my research I have reached the results from it
... Show MoreThe sole aim of the tribe of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) and his basilica was to revoke the Umayyad heresy and to refute the suspicions through which they climbed to the top of the pyramid of power and legitimized the leadership of Muslims (heresy of hereditary rule) with the sword and blood. Therefore, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) began his Ashura process with his short divine message in its words and great in its vocabulary and content and even the future of Mohammedan Islam over the times and spaces - what we will see in the folds of research, God willing.
The use of destructive weapons in wars without restrictions and controls, which eat green and dry land, pollute the environment and cause genocide, has become the problem of the times.
International conventions for the protection of the environment during armed conflicts are characterized by generality, ambiguity, and open to interpretation by the participating states in the agreement, and each state interprets these texts to serve its interests, but the Islamic Sharia stipulates the prohibition of the use of these comprehensive destructive weapons in an unambiguous manner, As stated in the Holy Quran:
... Show More
The Ash'aris and their position on faith, An Ideological Study
Omed AbdulQader rasool
College of Islamic Sciences/Salahaddin University-Erbil
Abstract
The concept of faith is very complex, and there are a lot of talk about it among the major Islamic groups such as the Kharijites, the Mu'tazila, the Jahmiyya and others, because of its great importance, and the worldly and eschatological effects it entails according to the elements of faith such as recognition, ratification and action.
The researcher chose one sect, which is the
... Show MoreAllah legislated marriage and made it dwelling, fellowship and mercy between
the two couples, Prophet Moh'd (peace of Allah and blessing be upon him) ordered a
husband to look after his wife, treat her with full charity and make love with here
every kindly. On the other hand, he ordered a wife to obey her husband and respect
him deeply, nevertheless, some obstacles may sometimes be appeared within the life
of their marriage, this may be caused by either a husband or a wife. This problem is
called lifely disobedience (AL-Noshooz).
In the other words, this means that a wife begins to hate her husband, refuse his orders
and not obey him.
In brief, they hate each other which leads to some marks appear in their
m
In fact, the main idea of the manuscript is to take note of a branch of Islamic jurisprudence, which is the science of jurisprudential jurisprudence and this manuscript in its title and subject to the men of knowledge of jurisprudence because of its ambiguity calls for thinking, and the brainstorming mood to test the intelligence of jurisprudence, Of students of knowledge jurisprudence. This section contains (28) questions starting with the question (72) and ending with (100
Scientists were interested in the statement of the concept of companions and the definition of the companion in terms of his status or his novel or inherent to the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) and was for those who did not walk in the translations and the abundant share in this work, and among these scientists Hafiz Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi, which was translated to the companions His books, indicating their status and effort, and who had a novel of them - what we will see in the folds of the research, God willing -
تم التحري عن انتاج انزيم الكايتنيز من خميرة Saccharomyces cerevisiae حيث زرعت هذه الخميره في وسط سائل يحتوي على الكايتين ومواد نتروجينية مختلفة . اجريت غربلة لسلالات الخميرة المستعملة لتعين السلالة الاعلى انتاجا للانزيم . بينت النتائج ان السلالة S2 اعطت اعلى فعالية نوعية بلغت 3.5 وحدة /ملغم بروتين .