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bsj-3560
Taxonomy of Memory Usage in Swarm Intelligence-Based Metaheuristics
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Metaheuristics under the swarm intelligence (SI) class have proven to be efficient and have become popular methods for solving different optimization problems. Based on the usage of memory, metaheuristics can be classified into algorithms with memory and without memory (memory-less). The absence of memory in some metaheuristics will lead to the loss of the information gained in previous iterations. The metaheuristics tend to divert from promising areas of solutions search spaces which will lead to non-optimal solutions. This paper aims to review memory usage and its effect on the performance of the main SI-based metaheuristics. Investigation has been performed on SI metaheuristics, memory usage and memory-less metaheuristics, memory characteristics and memory in SI-based metaheuristics. The latest information and references have been further analyzed to extract key information and mapped into respective subsections. A total of 50 references related to memory usage studies from 2003 to 2018 have been investigated and show that the usage of memory is extremely necessary to increase effectiveness of metaheuristics by taking the advantages from their previous successful experiences. Therefore, in advanced metaheuristics, memory is considered as one of the fundamental elements of an efficient metaheuristic. Issues in memory usage have also been highlighted. The results of this review are beneficial to the researchers in developing efficient metaheuristics, by taking into consideration the usage of memory.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 31 2023
Journal Name
Malaysian Journal Of Science
SYNTHESIS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL ELUCIDATION AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING STUDY OF NEW LIGAND DERIVED FROM 5,6-O-ISO PROPYLIDENE-L-ASCORBIC ACID AND ITS METAL(II) COMPLEXES
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A simple chemistry method approach was used to synthesise new ligand derivate from L-ascorbic acid and its complexes. All of them were water-soluble and are used quite extensively in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. This study synthesised the new ligand derivative from L-ascorbic acid-base using the following steps: A 5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid was prepared by reacting dry acetone with L-ascorbic acid followed by reacting it with trichloroacetic acid to yield [chloro(carboxylic)methylidene]-5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid in the second stage. In the third stage, the derivative was reacted with (methyl(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine to create a new ligand (ONMILA). This novel ligand was identified using a number

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the causal relationship between the gross fixed capital formation and gross domestic product for the agricultural sector for the period 1980 -2010
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Despite Iraq's possession of the energies material, human and agricultural resources and great economic but that contribution of the agricultural sector in the total gross fixed capital formation and gross domestic product in the Iraqi economy remained low and declining continuously since the nineties of the last century, as well as the inability of agricultural production to meet the country's needs of food . The food gap increased strategic food crops until it reached 1049 thousand tons in 2010. On this basis, there is a need to study and analysis the behavior of the function of  gross fixed capital format

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesizing, Structuring, and Characterizing Bioactivities of .Cr(III), La(III), and Ce(III) .Complexes with Nitrogen, Oxygen .and Sulpher donor bidentate Schiff base ligands
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Two Schiff bases, namely, 3-(benzylidene amino) -2-thioxo-6-methyl 2,5-dihydropyrimidine-4(3H)-one (LS])and 3-(benzylidene amino)-6-methyl pyrimidine 4(3H, 5H)-dione(LA)as chelating ligands), were used to prepare some complexes of Cr(III), La(III), and Ce(III)] ions. Standard physico-chemical procedures including metal analysis M%, element microanalysis (C.H.N.S) , magnetic susceptibility, conductometric measurements, FT-IR and UV-visible Spectra were used to identify Metal (III) complexes and  Schiff bases (LS) and (LA). According to findings, a [Cr(III) complex] showed six coordinated octahedral geometry, while [La(III), and Ce(III) complexes]were structured with coordination number seven.  Schiff's bases a

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 21 2026
Journal Name
Microbes And Infectious Diseases
Mixed-ligand metal complexes of a p Hydroxybenzaldehyde – 4-Aminoantipyrine Schiff Base with 2,2′-Bipyridine: Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial evaluation, molecular docking and ADME studies
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Background/aim: The rising challenge of microbial resistance necessitates the development of novel therapeutic agents. This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of a new series of mixed-ligand metal complexes (ZnII, CuII, NiII, and MnII) derived from a p-hydroxybenzaldehyde-4-aminoantipyrine Schiff base and 2,2′-bipyridine, in addition to assessing the binding affinity and pharmacokinetic properties of the synthesized free Schiff base ligand through molecular docking and ADME profiling. Methods: The Schiff base ligand and its transition metal complexes were synthesized and subsequently characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, NMR, mag

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
New Tetra-dentate Schiff Base Ligand N2O2 and Its Complexes with Some of Metal Ions: Preparation, Identification, and Studying Their Enzymatic and Biological Activities
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In present work, new tetra-dentate ligand, titled 3,5-bis ((E)-5-Bromo-2-hydroxy benzylidene amino) benzoic acid (H3L), was prepared via an acid-catalyzed condensation process. New four metallic ligand complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, were also prepared from the refluxing of equivalent moles. Ligand's structure and its complexes; were confirmed by numerous characterization methods, including Ultraviolet-Visible, Infrared, Mass Spectrometer, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra, atomic absorption, magnetic moments, and molar conductivity measurements. The results of the spectroscopic analyzes proved that the prepared ligand acts as tetradentate bi-ionic ligand and it was bond

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation, Study and Theortical Treatment of Co(II) Ni(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) Schiff Base Coplexes with Sodium [N-(hydroxyl naphtholidine) Glycine imino].
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Anew Schiff base (NaHL) has been prepared from the reaction between the salt of amino acid glycine with 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde. By tridentate Schiff base of (ONO), donors were characterized by using U.V and spectrophotometer techniques. Complexes of Co(II) Ni(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) ion with the ligand have been prepared, these complexes were identified by infrared, electronic spectral data, elemental analysis, magnetic moments, and molar conductivity measurements. It is concluded from the elemental analysis that all the complexes have (1:2) [metal:ligand] molar ratios, octahedral, with the exception to Zn(II) complex which have (1:1)[metal:ligand] molar ratio.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Comparison the effectiveness of using a magnetic field to control theColi phages isolated from rivulet water with water-treatment using magnetic field added iron filings
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The present study aimed to use the magnetic field and nanotechnology in the field of water purification, which slots offering high efficiency to the possibility of removing biological contaminants such as viruses and bacteria rather than the use of chemical and physical transactions such as chlorine and bromine, and ultraviolet light and boiling and sedimentation and distillation, ozone and others that have a direct negative impact on human safety and the environment. Where they were investigating the presence in water samples under study Coli phages using Single agar layer method and then treated samples positive for phages to three types of magnetic field fixed as follows (North Pole - South Pole - Bipolar) and compare the re

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2009
Journal Name
مجلة ديالى للبحوث الانسانية
Synthesis and study of new Macrocyclic ligand type N2O2 and its complexes with (Co (II) ,Ni (II) ,Cu (II) ,Zn (II) and Cd (II)) ions.
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A new Schiff base ligand [L] [3-methyl-9,10 phenyl -6,7 dihydro-5,8 –dioxo-1,2 diazo –cyclo dodecu 2,11-diene ,4-one ] and its complexes with (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu (II), Zn(II) and Cd(II)) were synthesis.This ligand was prepared in three steps, in the first step a solution of salicyladehyed in methanol reacted under refluxed with hydrazine monohydrate to give an (intermediate compound 1) which reacted in the second step with sodium pyruvate to give an (intermediate compound 2) which gave the ligand [L] in the three step when it reacted with 1,2- dichloro ethane.The complexes were synthesized by direct reaction of the corresponding metal chloride with the ligand. The ligand and complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods [IR, UV-

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 08 2020
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch
SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS DERIVATIED FROM 1-(4-AMINOPHENYL) ETHAN-1-ONEOXIME AS A STARTING MATERIAL WITH EVALUATE THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
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ABSTRACT : This research involves the synthesis of five to seven heterocyclic compounds starting with Schiff’s bases which derived from oxime as a starting material. 1.3-oxazepine derivatives were prepared from adding different anhydrides to the Schiff bases, tetrazole and thiazolidinone derivatives synthesized from add sodium azide and thioglycolic acid to the same Schiff’s bases as a five members ring. Pyrimidine derivatives were prepared after the reaction of the azomethine group with acetyl chloride and then urea and thiourea to synthesis on derivatives contain the six members ring. Another step included identified and confirmed these compounds by FT- IR, 1HNMR, TLC and 13CNMR finally, step included the assay of biological activity

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
International Medical Journal
Effect of Accelerated Canine Retraction by Vitamin D3 Local Administration on Apical Root Resorption, Alveolar Bone Integrity, and Chair-side Time: A Prospective Clinical Study.
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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 local injections on apical root resorption, alveolar bone integrity, and chair-side time following three and six months of canine retraction. Subjects and Methods: Seventeen adult patients (18-35 years old) of class I and II malocclusions were recruited, who required bilateral maxillary 1st premolars extraction before starting maxillary canines retraction. The experimental side received 25 pg dose of vitamin D3 injected locally into the distal periodontal sulcus of the canine (before force application) every three weeks, while the control side received retraction force only. Periapical radiographic evaluation was conducted after 3 and 6 months of the start of canines' retraction. Results: At

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