Seeds, beans, leaves, fruit peel and seeds of five plants (Ferula assa-foetida, Coffea robusta, Olea europaea, Punica granatum and Vitis vinifera, respectively) were extracted with four solvents (distilled water, 80% methanol, 80% acetone and a mixed solvent that included methanol, ethanol, acetone and n-butanol at proportions 7:1:1:1). Such manipulation yielded 20 extracts, which were phytochemically analyzed for total polyphenols (TP) and flavonoids (TF). The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (RSA) and DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) relative inhibition activity (RIA) were also assessed for each extract. The results revealed that mixed solvent extract of V. vinifera seeds showed the highest content of TP (194.8 ± 2.5 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry mass), while methanol extract of V. vinifera seeds recorded the highest content of TF (75.9 ± 0.3 mg catechin equivalent/g dry mass). The C. robusta bean aqueous extract was remarkable in scoring the highest DPPH RSA (87.2 ± 1.2%), while O. europaea leaf methanol extract had the highest DPP-4 RIA (86.4 ± 0.8%). In conclusion, the importance of natural products as radical scavengers and DPP-4 inhibitors is encouraged, and such biological effects were dependent on the plant species and the solvent of extraction. C. robusta beans are suggested to have a prominent RSA, while O. europaea leaves are recommended to be a target for investigations involved in the development of anti-T2DM therapies.
Abstract
This research aims to identify the challenges faced by families of children with intellectual disabilities and to identify the impact of the challenges facing them on the mental health of their children with intellectual disabilities. Based on the following questions: What is the nature of the challenges faced by families of children with disabilities and how do these challenges affect the mental health of their children with intellectual disabilities? The study was conducted on a sample of four families of six children with intellectual disabilities, depending on the degree and type of disability. To achieve the study's objectives, the qualitative approach was used, Because of the importance of accessin
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This work involves the manufacturing of MAX phase materials include V2AlC and Cr2AlC using powder metallurgy as a new class of materials which characterized by regular crystals in lattice. Corrosion behavior of these materials was investigated by Potentiostat to estimate corrosion resistance and compared with the most resistant material represented by SS 316L. The experiments were carried out in 0.01N of NaOH solution at four temperatures in the range of 30–60oC. Polarization resistance values which calculated by Stern-Geary equation indicated that the MAX phase materials more resistant than SS 316L. Also cyclic polarization tests confirme
... Show MoreIn this numerical study a detailed evaluation of the heat transfer characteristics and flow structure in a laminar and turbulent flow through a rectangular channel containing built-in of different type vortex generator has been a accomplished in a range of Reynolds number between 500 and 100,000.A modified version of ESCEAT code has been used to solve Navier-Stokes and energy equations. The purpose of this paper is to present numerical comparisons in terms of temperature, Nusselt number and flow patterns on several configurations of longitudinal vortex generator including new five cases. The structures of heat and flow were studied, using iso-contours of velocity components, vortices, temperature and Nusselt n
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Praise be to Allah and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet, Muhammad, his family and all of his companions,
This research addresses the issue of judge's preaching to the litigants and witnesses; it is a very significant issue since the judge cannot know the insides and facts, but it issues judgments based on the hearings. Since people are originally wrong-doing and ignorant, they, therefore, commit injustice, oppression, false adversarial, and false testimony. However, some people can possibly retreat and return to the right, after being inattentive or recalcitrant, by preaching. This fact led scholars to talk about the judge's preaching to litigant and witnesses and this research is conducted
... Show More(phen) (L(M [formula general a with complexes ligand-mixed new of series A methods analyses different by characterised and synthesised been have ,ligand arysecond as phenanthroline1,10- = phen and ligand primary as dithiocarbamate-1-azolebenzoimid-H-1)sulfinyl)methyl)yl-”-2pyriden)trifluroethoxy2,2,2- “(-4-methyl3-(((2-Sodium = L,ZnIIandCdII,CuII,NiII,CoII= M where,Cl)]phen)(L(Pd [Cland]2)O2H( ligands to metal ,moments magnetic and ,elementalanalysis ,spectrum mass ,surementsmea conductivity ,analysis thermal ,spectroscopy Vis-UV ,IR-FT ,NMR-C,13 H1 such dithiocarbamate the with formed coordination anisobidentate that showed spectra IRFT The.)phen:dithiocarbamate:M) (1:1:1(be to found been has complexes all in ratio nitrogen th
... Show MoreNew metal ions complexes of tridentate ligand (1-((dicyclohexylamino) methyl)-3-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrzol-4-ylimino) indolin-2-one) have been synthesized and characterized by chemical-physical analysis. The ligand acts as a tridentate for the complexation reaction with all metal ions. The new complexes, possessing the general formula [M(L)Cl]Cl where M=[Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), Pt(IV) and Hg(II) ] ,show tetrahedral geometry. All complexes ,except Pd(II) complex which has a square planar geometry and Pt(IV) which show an octahedral geometry. The geometry of the prepared compounds has been proposed in another method theoretically by using one of the calculation molecular programs (Hype
... Show MoreCo+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 as well Zn+2 compounds mixed ligand from 8-hydroxyquinoline(8-HQ) also tributylphosphine (PBu3) have been attended at aquatic ethyl alcohol for (1:2:2) (M:8-HQ:PBu3). Produced complexes have been identified by utilizing atomic absorption flame, FT-IR as well UV-Vis spectrum manners also magnetic susceptibility as well as conductivity methods. At addendum antibacterial efficiency from the ligands as well complexes oboist three species about bacteria have been as well examined. Ligands and their complexes show good bacterial efficiencies. Of the gained datum the octahedral geometry was proposed into whole prepared complexes
New Schiff base, namely [2-(carboxy methylene-amino)-phenyl imino] acetic acid (L) and its some metal complexes [LCo.2H2O], [LNi.2H2O], [LCu].3H2O, [LCd.2H2O], [LHg.2H2O] and [LPb.2H2O], were reported and characterized by elemental analysis, metal content, spectroscopic methods, magnetic moments and conductivity measurements, it is found that the geometrical structures of these complexes are octahedral [Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and square planar Cu(II).The complexes have been found to posses 1:1 (M:L) stoichiometry
In this work, a composite material was prepared from Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with different weight percent of grain and calcinations kaolin at temperature of (850oC) using single screw extruder and a mixing machine operated at a temperature between (190-200oC). Some of mechanical and physical properties such as tensile strength, tensile strength at break, Young modulus, and elongation at break, shore hardness and water absorption were determined at different weight fraction of filler (0, 2, 7, 10 and 15%). It was found that the addition of filler increases the modulus of elasticity, elongation at break, shore hardness and impact strength; on other hand, it decreases the tensile strength and tensile strength
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