Seeds, beans, leaves, fruit peel and seeds of five plants (Ferula assa-foetida, Coffea robusta, Olea europaea, Punica granatum and Vitis vinifera, respectively) were extracted with four solvents (distilled water, 80% methanol, 80% acetone and a mixed solvent that included methanol, ethanol, acetone and n-butanol at proportions 7:1:1:1). Such manipulation yielded 20 extracts, which were phytochemically analyzed for total polyphenols (TP) and flavonoids (TF). The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (RSA) and DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) relative inhibition activity (RIA) were also assessed for each extract. The results revealed that mixed solvent extract of V. vinifera seeds showed the highest content of TP (194.8 ± 2.5 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry mass), while methanol extract of V. vinifera seeds recorded the highest content of TF (75.9 ± 0.3 mg catechin equivalent/g dry mass). The C. robusta bean aqueous extract was remarkable in scoring the highest DPPH RSA (87.2 ± 1.2%), while O. europaea leaf methanol extract had the highest DPP-4 RIA (86.4 ± 0.8%). In conclusion, the importance of natural products as radical scavengers and DPP-4 inhibitors is encouraged, and such biological effects were dependent on the plant species and the solvent of extraction. C. robusta beans are suggested to have a prominent RSA, while O. europaea leaves are recommended to be a target for investigations involved in the development of anti-T2DM therapies.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a traditional plant that is widely used as a spice or folk medicine. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a synthetic pyrethroid that is widely used to control insecticide. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of ginger ethanolic extract (GEE) on liver toxicity experimentally induced by LCT in albino rats. The experiment involved thirty adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus), randomly allocated to one of three groups (n=10/group: control group, administered distilled water orally for 12 weeks; LCT-treated group, received 5.43 mg/kg BW (1/15 LD50 dose calculated in this study as 81.5 mg/kg BW) orally, for 12 weeks; LCT-GEE-treated group, received t
... Show MoreArabic prose poem and the antithesis of contrast: poetry _ prose and West _ East
The Yemen Kings and gaverners allered notable services to the pilgrims, who
were in their way to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca. Among them Al-Hysen Ibn
Salama (dead 384, Aih). The governer of Al- Zeadiea state, who concern about
pilgrimage route from its beginning at Hudrumot to its end at Mecca Al Makruma, the
distant was estimated by 60th days to pass the way he also eastablished asystem of
water “artesian wells” as long as the pilgrimage way also setting up large Mosqeses
and Marking out the way of the caravans of pilgrimage to save these caravans from
lossing the right way, he setting up under ground water chanal started from Arafat to
holy Mecca in order to ensure water supplies for the erea. This proje
The health care provided by health institutions and all kinds suffers from many problems, and since the health services provided are related to human life, it is necessary to shed light on this activity and identify the causes of these problems. This research aims to Definition of health institutions (hospitals) Performance audit of these institutions according to the latest indicators, which are the standards of health accreditation for hospitals, specifically the basic standards issued by the Health Care Accreditation Council (HCAC) to reach the level of performance and Knowledge of Constraints that lead to in an acceptable manner consistent with the approved standards. In theoretical and practical study, a number of conclusions were r
... Show MoreSince the time it emerged, stylistics, as a field of knowledge which combines both linguistics and literature, acquired a special status in the linguistic arena. Its significance in complementing the meaning delivered by linguistic means has been proven and acknowledged through numerous stylistic analytic attempts of different literary works and in different languages. The question put forward in this paper is whether or not the stylistic analysis can work as effectively on translated texts as it does on the original ones without having the results reached by the analysis distorting the meaning of the original text. An attempt to investigate this question is made herein by conducting a lexical stylistic analysi
... Show MoreFumonisin B1 is toxic secondary metabolites compound produced by Fusarium spp. on maize and maize products causes health problems to human and animal. Therefore, this research is planned to study the effect of FB1 on the expression of TLR-2 & 4 in liver and kidney cells of mice. Four group of male mice were orally administrated with single dose of FB1 toxin as the following: 0 ppb, 800 ppb, 1200 ppb and 1600 ppb. After two weeks all animals were sacrificed, liver and kidney autopsies were taken and the level of TLR-2 & 4 detected in each four group by immunohistochemistry technique (IHC). According to the IHC examination of groups (1, 2, 3 and 4) strong expression of TLR2 in liver and kidney were (0%, 33.3%, 100%, 100%), respectively. This
... Show MoreThis work included synthesis of several new polymers of polyacryloyl chloride in two steps . The first step the included the reaction of N-( sub. or un sub. benzoyl and sub. or un sub. acetyl ) amidyl sub. 2,6- diamino -4-methyl-1,3,5-triazine (1-5) by condensation of many substituted acid chlorides with 2,6- diamino -4-methyl-1,3,5-triazine . While the second step included the reaction of polyacryloyl chloride with the produced compounds (1-5) in step (1) in the presence amount triethyl amine (Et3N) to obtain new polyimides (6-10). The prepared compounds were characterized by UV. , FT-IR, and some of them by 1H-NMR and 13C- NMR spectroscopy.