Background: The bonded orthodontic retainer constructed from multistrand wire and composite is an efficient esthetic retainer, which can be maintained long-term. Clinical failures of bonded orthodontic retainers, most commonly at the wire/composite interface, have been reported. This in vitro investigation aimed to evaluate the tensile forces of selected multistrand wires and composite materials that are available for use in the construction of bonded fixed retainers. Materials and Methods: The study sample includes 120 wires with three types of retainer wires (3 braided strands\ Orthotechnology, 8 braided strands\ G&H Orthodontics, 6 coaxial strands\ Orthoclassic wires), two types of adhesive (flowable\ Orthotechnology, non flowable\ G&H O

The present study deals with the effect of self -observation on EFL University students` achievement in conversation classes. The process of self-observation helps the teacher to understand one’s own actions and the reactions in the process of teaching. The sample of this study is EFL students in the third stage at the Department of English Language, morning studies, College of Education /Ibn-Rushd .The sample of the study consists of (84) students distributed on experimental group(A) includes (42) students, and (42) students as control group(B). In order to achieve the aim of the study ,and to gain a closer idea about the impact of reflective teaching technique(self-observation) on the students achievement in conversation classes, a chec

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) process offers a high degree of flexibility in the manufacturing of different sheet parts, which makes it an ideal candidate for prototype parts as well as efficient at fabricating various customized products at low production costs compared to traditionally used processes. However, parts produced in this process exhibit notable geometrical inaccuracy and considerable thickness reduction. In this paper, the single point incremental sheet forming variant of the process has been implemented to manufacture a highly customized cranial implant starting from the computed tomography (CT) scan data of the patient's anatomy. A methodology, from the modeling to the realization of the implant, is presented and discus

The marketing of banking service is considered to be one of the impotent fields which showed a universal inebriates . He research showed the comparison between the application of marketing in ideas and application for loot government and private Iraqi bank. The research comets of four parts; Mythology / the concept and the importance of Banking Marketing / Research applichlion/ Conelnion and  recommendation.

Geologic modeling is the art of constructing a structural and stratigraphic model of a reservoir from analyses and interpretations of seismic data, log data, core data, etc. ‎[1].

   A static reservoir model typically involves four main stages, these stages are Structural modeling, Stratigraphic modeling, Lithological modeling and Petrophysical modeling ‎[2].

   Ismail field is exploration structure, located in the north Iraq, about 55 km north-west of Kirkuk city, to the north-west of the Bai Hassan field, the distance between the Bai Hassan field and Ismael field is about one kilometer ‎[3].

   Tertiary period reservoir sequences (Main Limestone), which comprise many economica