Liquid-liquid membrane extraction technique, pertraction, using three types of solvents (methyl isobutyl ketone, n-butyl acetate, and n-amyl acetate) was used for recovery of penicillin V from simulated fermentation broth under various operating conditions of pH value (4-6) for feed and (6-8) for receiver phase, time (0-40 min), and agitation speed (300-500 rpm) in a batch laboratory unit system. The optimum conditions for extraction were at pH of 4 for feed, and 8 for receiver phase, rotation speed of 500 rpm, time of 40 min, and solvent of MIBK as membrane, where more than 98% of penicillin was extracted. 

Acetophenone sulfamethoxazole and 3-Nitrobenzophenone sulfamethoxazole were prepared from the reaction of sulfamethoxazole with two ketones. The prepared ligands were identified by (C.H.N) analysis and UV-VIS, FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Metal complexes of the two ligands were prepared in an aqueous alcohol with Zn (II), Mn (II) and Cu (II) ions with a molar ratio1:1. The proposed general formula for the resulting complexes was [ML.CL2.H2O]H2O .The complexes were characterized by (C.H.N) technique , spectroscopic methods ,conductivity, atomic absorption ,magnetic susceptibility measurements and melting point. According to the results obtained, the suggested geometry is to be octahedral for all the complexes.

novel spectrofluorimetric flow injection analysis (FIA) method was developed for the selective quantification of ascorbic acid via fluorescence quenching of serotonin hydrochloride. The system employs a custom-designed photometric array comprising 16 irradiation sources arranged in a dual-axis matrix—eight aligned horizontally and eight orthogonally, enabling multi-angle excitation and enhanced spectral resolution. Fluorescence signals were captured using a twin-pair solar cell detector, offering high sensitivity and minimal optical interference. The method exhibited a linear calibration range of 0.1–30 limit of detection (LOD) of 0.025 μ μ g/mL with a correlation coefficient (r mol /L, equivalent to 4.403 * 10 4 μ 2 ) of 0.9966, a g

Background: A worldwide health epidemic, type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly influenced by chronic inflammation, which led to increased insulin resistance (IR). The most widely practiced form of therapy used to control musculoskeletal pain in people with diabetes is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which provide their action by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX). COX1, COX2, and COX3 are distinct isoforms of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. The potential anti-inflammatory benefits of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, both selective and non-selective, have been investigated concerning the management of type 2 diabetes patients. Objective: the purpose of this research is to explore the impact of highly selective

   Despite the development in the fields of communication and informatics, the book remains its distinguished presence and popular popularity as it is the oldest means to obtain knowledge, addressing the vast majority of society in different levels and levels of knowledge and culture. The design of the cover book portal and the structure of semolina semantic including the elements of construction and typography contribute to the activation of the relationship between form and content, and here lies the importance of this relativity and its role in enhancing the communicative dimension of the design of the book cover, and cast a shadow on the promotional and marketing effectiveness. Hence the importance of research, but the prob

Two simple methods for the determination of eugenol were developed. The first depends on the oxidative coupling of eugenol with p-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline (PADA) in the presence of K3[Fe(CN)6]. A linear regression calibration plot for eugenol was constructed at 600 nm, within a concentration range of 0.25-2.50 μg.mL–1 and a correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.9988. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.086 and 0.284 μg.mL–1, respectively. The second method is based on the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of the derivatized oxidative coupling product of eugenol with PADA. Under the optimized extraction procedure, the extracted colored product was determined spectrophotometrically at 618 nm. A l