The structural properties of ternary chalcopyrite AgAlSe2 compound alloys and thin films that prepared by the thermal evaporation method at room temperature on glass substrate with a deposition rate (5±0.1) nm s-1 for different values of thickness (250,500 and 750±20) nm, have been studied, using X-ray diffraction technology. As well as, the optical properties of the prepared films have been investigated. The structural investigated shows that the alloy has polycrystalline structure of tetragonal type with preferential orientation (112), while the films have amorphous structure. Optical measurement shows that AgAlSe2 films have high absorption in the range of wavelength (350-700 nm). The optical energy gap for allowed direct transition we

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the research seeks to define the provisions of voluntary charity and some of its contemporary applications, so the research is after the definition of charity and voluntary charity, define the provisions of the Most important thing charity, where the one who is given charity, in the introduction, he talked about the importance of charity in social solidarity,As for the first topic ,it deait with a statement and definition of charity in the Quran,sunnah and comparative juris prudence,whil the second topic was conducted with clarifying the provisions of the ratified, the ratified,while the third topic was concerned with clarifying the application of voluntary charity contemporary investing the Mo

in this paper sufficient conditions of oscillation of all of nonlinear second order neutral differential eqiation and sifficient conditions for nonoscillatory soloitions to onverage to zero are obtained

In the present study a new synthesis method has been introduced for the decoration of platinum(Pt) on the functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and also highlighted the preparation method of nanofluids. GNP–Pt uniform nanocomposite was produced from a simple chemical reaction procedure, which included acid treatment for functionalization of GNP. The surface characterization was performed by various techniques such as XRD, FESEMand TEM. The effective thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, specific heat capacity and stability of functionalized GNP–Pt water based nanofluids were investigated in different instruments. The GNP–Pt hybrid nanofluids were prepared by dispersing the nanocomposite in base fluid without adding any surfac

G. tuberculosa is a newly recorded species from the Caryophyllaceae family for Iraqi flora, collected from the Arbil district from May to August. Morphological descriptions with macro and micro features illustrated with plates and dimensions, the species is related to G. pallida and distinguished from calyx properties, especially the presence of large prominent druses crystals. Keywords: Caryophyllaceae, Gypsophila, Iraq, New record, pallida.

This paper aims to introduce certain new kinds of ideals on pseudo-BG-Algebra (P-BG-A), such as pseudo-closed ideal (P-CI), pseudo-completely closed ideal (P-CCI), and pseudo-n-ideal (P-n-I). Firstly, a (P-n-I) is defined and its pertinent properties are explored. Some important properties have been proven, for example, any pseudo-ideal is a (P-n-I), but the opposite is not generally true, an example was given of the opposite direction. Also, every pseudo-subalgebra of a (P-BG-A) is a pseudo ideal and it is a (P-n-I). Secondly, (P-CI) and a (P-CCI) ideal are defined. After that, we prove that every pseudo-subalgebra of a (P-BG-A) is a (P-CI) and the converse is true. The relationship between (P-BG-A) and pseudo-BH-algebra is demonstrated un

Systole merazvensis sp. n. from Iraq, is described, figuri4 and differentiated from ,other species of the genus Systok.