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The effect of obesity and Insulin Resistance on Liver Enzymes in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been defined as a clinical syndrome that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the liver .This study was conducted to assess the effect obesity and insulin resistance on liver enzymes in diabetic Iraqi patients.A comparative study of (90) Iraqi adults divided to three subgroup(30) obese ,(30) nonobese diabetic patients and(30)person had used as control. The analysis included Liver enzyme ALP,ALT,AST,GGT ,Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBG) , Lipid Profile , Hemoglobin A1C , insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were measured. Subjects were excluded from this study if they had liver disease, alcohol intake, medications for lowering lipid, insulin treatment, pregnant women and women taking contraceptive pills . The study shows significantly higher of liver enzymes level ( gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate Amino Transferase , Alanine Transaminase) in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control subject and HOMA IR showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese with diabetic patients and control (P < 0.05). The lipids level showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control.The HbA1c level showed higher significantly in obese diabetic patients compared with control and ther is a posative correlation between insulin and HOMA IR , ALP in obeses diabetic patients while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group. The liver enzymes level of(alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase gama glutaminase transferase ) is significantly higher in obese diabetic patients than non –obese diabetic patients and control group , also There was posative correlation between ALP and HOMA IR while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group .

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The History of Multi Parties and its Effect on Political System in India
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The History of Multi Parties and its Effect on Political System in India

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Time Factor, Molybdenum and Potassium on Rhizobium Growth in the Soil
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An experiment was carried out to study the effects of Time Factor, potassium and Molybdenum on Rhizobium growth. The objective of the experiment, which conducted under laboratory conditions, was to investigate the interaction effects of using three levels of Molybdenum (0, 0.25, 2.50 mg Mo . Kg-1 sterile soil) and four levels of potassium (0, 25, 50, 100 mg K . Kg-1 sterile soil) on the viable counts of Rhizobium growth in the sterile soil after 3, 9, 15 and 21 days of incubation at 28°C. The results indicated that Molybdenum level 2.50 mg Mo . Kg-1 sterile soil and potassium level 50 mg K . Kg-1 sterile soil recorded the biggest significant increase in the viable counts of Rhizobium growth in the sterile soil especially after 15 da

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 08 2001
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
ANNUAL CYCLE IN LIVER WEIGHT OF MARSH FROG RANA RIDIBUNDA PALLAS, 1771
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The dry weight of the liver of Rana ridibunda was expressed as percentage of the dry
weight of the body. The female liver weight always exceeds that of the male, except in July
and September. The difference between males and females for the whole year, regardless of
months, was not significant. Livers of both sexes were relatively large prior to hibernation
(December), decreased during hibernation (January and February) until a minimum weight in
March (post-hibernation).
The increase of liver weight during December is apparently simply to meet the metabolic
requirements for survival during hibernation. The percent reduction in liver weight during
hibernation was 1.081% in males and 1.356% in females. The decrease

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 30 2022
Journal Name
Gsc Biological And Pharmaceutical Sciences
Histological study of liver for squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) (Güldenstädt, 1785) in Iraq
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The liver (hepatic) is one of the largest glands or organs of the digestive system in the body of living organisms, including rodents, take the squirrel in this study for example. The study and the collection of sources emerged to be put into the hands of those, especially those interested in histological studies, including junior or professionals and veterinarians, knowledge of the stains used in the research and their final results.

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Publication Date
Sun May 10 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Molecular Analysis of Rifampicin Resistance Conferring Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampicin is mainly mediated through mutations in the rpoB gene. The effects of rpoB mutations are relieved by secondary mutations in rpoA or rpoC genes. This study aims to identify mutations in rpoB, rpoA, and rpoC genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and clarify their contribution to rifampicin resistance. Seventy isolates were identified by acid-fast bacilli smear, Genexpert assay, and growth on Lowenstein Jensen medium. Drug susceptibility, testing was performed by the proportional method.  DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing were accomplished for the entire rpoA, rpoB, and

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 14 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Diabetes Self-Management among Patients in Baghdad City: A Comparative Study
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Objective(s): To Evaluate Diabetes self –management among patients in Baghdad City and to compare
between these patients self-management relative to the type of the disease.
Methodology: A descriptive design was conducted in Baghdad city, started from November 16th 2017 to the
end of May 17 th 2018 in order to evaluate Diabetes self-management. Purposive (non-probability) sample,
which was consisted of (120) patients who were diagnosed with D.M. The sample is comprised of (60) patient
with diabetes type I and (60) patient with diabetes type II. It is consisted of (60) male and (60) female. A
questionnaire is constructed for the purpose of the study. It is composed of (42) items. Reliability and validity of
the ques

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determanation of Several Biochemical Parameters in Sera of Iraqi Patients with type 2 Diabetes
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Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). The aim of the study is to measure several biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and the effect of these parameters in development the disease. Laboratory investigations including Ceruloplasmin , fasting blood glucose (FBG) , malondialdehyde (MDA), serum protein, uric acid, and protein electrophoresis have been measured in patients with type

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 13 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Liver Repair in Rabbits Using 532 nm Nd:YAG Laser; In Vivo Study
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The main goal of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effect of 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser in combination with Human Serum Albumin 20% concentration (as a welding aid) on the liver tissue repair clinically, and histologically. The animals used in this study were 21 male rabbits divided into three main groups: control group (3 rabbits), conventionally treated group (9 rabbits) and Laser treated group (9 rabbits). Each two main groups (conventional and laser treated) consist of three sub-groups depending on the response evaluation at three different periods. The Laser group was treated using 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG laser after adding human serum albumin immediately on the incised liver’s tissue. The energy of was 460mJ, and 4Hz fr

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 28 2023
Journal Name
The Iraqi Journal Of Veterinary Medicine
Resveratrol Administration Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity in Mercuric Chloride-‎Induced Liver Injury in Rats
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Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) pollution and poisoning has been a worldwide health ‎concern for decades, especially after the industrial revolutions. The aim of this study ‎was to investigate the role of resveratrol in reversing the deleterious effects of ‎HgCl2 exposure to resume the normal functions of hepatocyte. To achieve the study, ‎mature Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to five groups. Negative control group ‎‎(C) kept without any treatment; vehicle-treated group (D) received dimethyl ‎sulfoxide (DMSO); resveratrol-treated group (R), received 100 mg/kg of resveratrol; ‎HgCl2-intoxicated group (HD), received i.p. injection of HgCl2 at a dose of 1 mg/kg ‎for 30 consecutive days along to oral gavage of DMSO; and finally H

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
CFRP strengthening efficiency on enhancement punching shear resistance of RC bubbled slabs with openings
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