This study was designed to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone disturbance on lipids profiles and liver functions. Eighteen mature male rats Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups. The first and the second groups were injected subcutaneously with thyroxine (T4) and carbimazol (both at 600 µg/kg BW) respectively on alternate days, to produce recurrent periods of hyper and hypothyroidism .The control group which is the third group was injected with physiological saline. The process continued 4 weeks, after that, injection, blood specimens were collected to estimate serum levels of T3 and T4, Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were determined in the serum. In addition to that, we measure GOT, GPT and CPK enzymes activity. The results showed no significant difference in body weight and a significant increase (P<0.01) in liver weight of Thyroxine injected group, while Carbimazol injected group showed significant increase (P<0.05) in body and in liver weight. There was a significant decrease in TC concentration and there was no significant decrease in TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C concentration in the serum of Thyroxine injected group, while the Carbimazol injected group showed significant increase in serum TC, LDL-C, TG, HDL-C and VLDL-C concentration. The results also pointed to a significant increase in GOT and GPT activity, and no significant decrease in CPK activity in the serum of thyroxine injected group, in addition to a significant increase in GPT activity and a significant increase in GOT activity without any significant differences in CPK activity noticed in the liver homogenate of the same group. The results also pointed to a significant increase in GOT and GPT activity, and significant increase in CPK activity in the serum of Carbimazol injected group, with significant decrease in GOT activity, significant decrease in GPT activity and significant increase in CPK activity in the liver homogenate of the same group. Results of the liver histological study showed changes in the liver histological structure in both groups. An increasing in T3 and T4 levels led to a little expansion in the sinusoids and this might be due to accumulation of glycoprotein, also there was a centrilobular hepatocytes necrosis and congestion with RBCs in the sinusoids of central area due to hypoxia especially in perivenular hepatocytes area. In addition to extravasations of RBCs between the hepatocytes which are severely atrophied and some are necrosed. It was noticed that there is a direct relationship between low levels of T4 and T3 and the hepatic dysfunction which led to sinusoids expansion, granular and hydropic degeneration due to hepatocytes immunological or toxically damaged which gave the hepatocytes edema appearance.
The aim of this research is to study the effect of welded joint design (Butt joint and lap joint) on thejoint strength during tension and fatigue loading with different current of welding (40,50,60,70,80) ^per, and different type of wire welding. The result of this research is showed that the effect of fatigue loading on the type of joint is more than the effect of tension loading on it. And the butt joint welding is better than the lap joint welding during the fatigue loaded.The experimental results of the effect of W'elding current showed that more increasing and more decreasing the value of the heat input, during the welding was found to produce mechanical brittleness on the buttjoint welding during the static and dynamic loading. Also i
... Show MoreLow temperature and high relative humidity in the spring season led to decrease of field emergence ratio and growth in maize. Planting dates and seeds stimulation can be appropriate fix. Field experiment was conducted in the two spring seasons of 2022 and 2023. Randomize complete block design with split-plot arrangement and four replications was used. Planting date treatments (February 15th, March 1st and 15th and April 1st, 15th) were placed in main plots. Seeds stimulation treatments (potassium nitrate 6 mg L-1 + licorice extract 6 g L-1 as well as treatment of soaking with distilled water only) were placed in subplots. Seeds stimulation (potassium nitrate+licorice extract) or planting date of February 15th were superior at traits of fiel
... Show MoreIron , Cobalt , and Nickel powders with different particle sizes were subjected to sieving and He-Ne laser system to determine the particle size . 1wt% from each powders was blended carefully with 99wt% from Iraqi oil . Microscopic examination were carried for all samples to reveal the particle size distribution . A Siemens type SRS sequential wavelength dispersive(WDS) X-ray spectrometer was used to analyze all samples , and the XRF intensity were determined experimentally and theoretically for all suspended samples , Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results were found .
Sludge from stone-cutting (SSC) factories and stone mines cannot be used as decorative stones, stone powder, etc. These substances are left in the environment and cause environmental problems. This study aim is to produce artificial stone composite (ASC) using sludge from stone cutting factories, cement, unsaturated resin, water, silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiC-NPs), and nano-graphene oxide (NGO) as fillers. Nano graphene oxide has a hydrophobic plate structure that water is not absorbed due to the lack of surface tension on these plates. NGO has a significant effect on the properties of artificial stone due to its high specific surface area and low density in the composite. Its uniform distribution in ASC is very low due to its hydropho
... Show MorePurpose: This study aims to shed the light on allusions to real lab rats in Dashner’s trilogy: The Maze Runner (2009), The Scorch Trails (2010), and The Death Cure (2011). It also aims to trace the historical documents and chronicles essential to reveal the justifications behind the vague political and scientific crimes. Methodology: The researchers have used the literary analytical approach to study and analyze selected prominent aspects from each novel; such as the concept of lab rats and genocide crimes in The Maze Runner; references to weather experiments, the climate change conspiracy, gas chambers, and the Holocaust in The Scorch Trails; and finally, the man-made diseases and biological weapons in The Death Cure. Results
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