In this work, fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil to produce gasoline over prepared faujasite type Y zeolite was investigated using experimental laboratory plant scale of fluidized bed reactor.
The catalytic activity of prepared faujasite type NaY, NaNH4Y and NaHY zeolites was investigated. The cracking process was carried out in the temperature range 440 to 500 oC, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) range 10 to 25 h-1 ,and atmospheric pressure . The catalytic activities of the prepared faujasite type NaY , NaNH4Y and NaHY zeolites were determined in terms of vacuum gas oil (VGO) conversion, and gasoline yield . The conversion at 500oC and WHSV10 hr-1 by using faujasite type NaY, NaNH4Y and NaHY zeolite were 50.2%, 64.1% and 6

In this study, tin oxide (SnO2) and mixed with cadmium oxide (CdO) with concentration ratio of (5, 10, 15, 20)% films were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique onto glass substrates at 300ºC temperature. The structure of the SnO2:CdO mixed films have polycrystalline structure with (110) and (101) preferential orientations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) show the films are displayed granular structure. It was found that the grain size increases with increasing of mixed concentration ratio. The transmittance in visible and NIR region was estimated for SnO2:CdO mixed films. Direct optical band gap was estimated for SnO2 and SnO2 mixed CdO and show a decrease in the energy gap with increasing mixing ratio. From Hall measurement, it was fou

The fluctuation and expansion ratios have been studied for cylindrical gas-solid fluidized columns by using air as fluidizing medium and Paracetamol as the bed material. The variables were the column diameter (0.0762, 0.15, and 0.18 m), static bed height (0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 m), and air velocity to several times of minimum fluidization velocity. The results showed that both the fluctuation and expansion ratios had a direct relation with air velocity and an inverse one with column diameter and static bed height. A good agreement was between the experimental results and the calculated values by using the correlation equations from the literature.

شهدت العالم منذ نهايات القرن الماضي وبدايات القرن الواحد والعشرين تطورات دراماتيكية على صعيد الادبيات التنموية ، اذ تحولت التنمية من المفهوم التقليدي الذي اهتم بالنمو الاقتصادي الى رؤية جديدة هي رؤية التنمية البشرية ومن ثم الى التنمية المستدامة التي اعطت للتنمية البعد الانساني وجعلت من مشكلات واحتياجات البشر منطلق لها لتحويل الفرد والمجتمع الى مرحلة جديدة تضمن له العيش الكريم وتحقق معه

The imperative of achieving financial stability has transcended national boundaries, necessitating heightened attention from both researchers and policymakers. Consequently, this article delves into an examination of the impact of government debt and public debt on financial development within the context of Iraq. The study employs monetary policy, interest rate, inflation, and population growth as control variables to prognosticate financial development. Utilizing data extracted from the World Development Indicators (WDI) spanning the period from 1995 to 2022, the study employs the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) approach to scrutinize the associations under investigation. The findings underscore a negative association betwe

Described the Arabic language being of genius sets by top models of eloquence , rhetoric and clarity of sounds and developments Moreover , it is an important element of our existence and our identity and our survival . That my methods and best in teaching Arabic language what has pursued the easiest ways to learning and teaching and helped learners to be aware of the function linguistic information , and they need it and its impact on their lives , and contributed to unleashing the potential of activism and led them to make the effort to apply them in the form of examples and uses of new life , as well as fits are the capabilities and tendencies of different learners , so the goal of current research into the importance of the curriculum

In this work, the effect of partial amounts of gases in gas mixture of a CW CO2 laser on the output power was investigated. Also their effect on the condition determining the glow-discharge self-sustaining required for pumping the active medium was studied. Two fit relations were derived to predict the output laser power and the electric field to unit pressure ratio as functions to the partial amounts of gases. Results presented in this work could be used fruitfully to determine some of the optimum operational conditions of glow-discharge low-power CW CO2 lasers.

We report here the observation of 16 µm superradiance laser action generated from optical pumping of CF4 gas molecules (which is cooled to 140 Kº by a boil-off liquid-N2) by a TEA-CO2 laser 9R12 line. Output laser pulses of 7 mJ and 200 ns have been obtained.