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bsj-1094
Design and Implementation for optical fiber communication system using frequency shift coding
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In this research, optical communication coding systems are designed and constructed by utilizing Frequency Shift Code (FSC) technique. Calculations of the system quality represented by signal to noise ratio (S/N), Bit Error Rate (BER),and Power budget are done. In FSC system, the data of Nonreturn- to–zero (NRZ ) with bit rate at 190 kb/s was entered into FSC encoder circuit in transmitter unit. This data modulates the laser source HFCT-5205 with wavelength at 1310 nm by Intensity Modulation (IM) method, then this data is transferred through Single Mode (SM) optical fiber. The recovery of the NRZ is achieved using decoder circuit in receiver unit. The calculations of BER and S/N for FSC system at maximum fiber length at 61.2 km equal to 2.30551×10-12, 47.88526 dB respectively. The power budget for FSC system was calculated to be 29 dB. Results show that the BER increases when the received optical power decreases the due to increase of the optical fiber length61.2 km. while S/N decreases. The optical power budget increases as the transmitted optical power increases.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2004
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Studying Effect of Elongational Viscosity on the Velocity Distribution for Dry/Wet-Spun Nascent Hollow Fiber Membrane
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Publication Date
Wed Oct 05 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Formal unknown and its role in enriching the speech communication designs women's fabrics
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The design fabrics of the most important episodes that are at the core process rhetorical communication, until they became these episodes ample room for research and investigation, and the issue of non-familiar formality is nothing but the result of those relationships Constructivism, which is the result of an effort builders coherent activate the shape and attributes of phenotypic, therefore it will cause him a lot of questions about his and founded the organization in order to activate the speech communication between the product(cloth)and the receiver .On this basis, the research problem identified on imposing the question follows:1. Does the non-familiar formal role in enriching communication discourse of women's fabric designs?2. Ar

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The effectiveness of media communication and its problems in the contemporary theatrical presentation
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 12 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Polarization and the mechanism of communication in the form of industrial products (green)
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Our research which is under the name "Polarization and Communication mechanism in the formation of green industrial products " The problem of the research focuses in identifying what is polarization and its function mechanisms , by displaying the inventive and creative cases of the designer in how to exploit the industrial products and its recycling process to attract the user and recipient by asserting on the values of beauty of the appearance of the industrial product with the attraction Of the user and the recipient with the new function of that product and how its different from the function achieved by the old product , with consideration of nature and its preservation . The results of the research were as following : The designer e

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 21 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation
Compact free-electron lasers as enablers of beyond-6G and quantum communication systems
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Free-electron lasers (FELs) are disruptive light sources that offer ultrashort pulses, wide spectral tunability, and superior coherence, making them promising candidates for next-generation photonic technologies. However, conventional FEL facilities are large-scale and complex, limiting their integration into communication systems. This study investigates the potential of compact FELs as scalable and versatile light sources for beyond-6G and quantum communication infrastructures. A theoretical framework was established to model resonance conditions, gain dynamics, coherence properties, pulse-duration-limited bit rates, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These models were implemented in MATLAB simulations using parameters representativ

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 02 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Performance and Flow Behavior for Steam Ejector Refrigeration System
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The ejector refrigeration system is a desirable choice to reduce energy consumption. A Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD simulation using the ANSYS package was performed to investigate the flow inside the ejector and determine the performance of a small-scale steam ejector. The experimental results showed that at the nozzle throat diameter of 2.6 mm and the evaporator temperature of 10oC, increasing boiler temperature from 110oC to 140oC decreases the entrainment ratio by 66.25%. At the boiler temperature of 120oC, increasing the evaporator temperature from 7.5 to 15 oC increases the entrainment ratio by 65.57%. While at the boiler temperature of 120oC and

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Dispersion in a Gas Filled Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber
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Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers provide a new geometry for the realization and enhancement of many nonlinear optical effects. Such fibers offer novel guidance and dispersion properties that provide an advantage over conventional fibers for various applications. Dispersion, which expresses the variation with wavelength of the guided-mode group velocity, is one of the most important properties of optical fibers. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer much larger flexibility than conventional fibers with respect to tailoring of the dispersion curve. This is partly due to the large refractive-index contrast available in the silica/air microstructures, and partly due to the possibility of making complex refractive-index structure over the fibe

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Simulation of GaussianFSK Transmitter in UHF Band Using Direct Modulation of ΣΔ Modulator Fractional-N Synthesizer
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This research involves design and simulation of GaussianFSK transmitter in UHF band using direct modulation of ΣΔ  fractional-N synthesizer with the following specifications:

Frequency range (869.9– 900.4) MHz, data rate 150kbps, channel spacing (500 kHz), Switching time 1 µs, & phase noise @10 kHz = -85dBc.

New circuit techniques have been sought to allow increased integration of radio transmitters and receivers, along with new radio architectures that take advantage of such techniques. Characteristics such as low power operation, small size, and low cost have become the dominant design criteria by which these systems are judged.

A direct modulation by ΣΔ  fractional-N synthesizer is proposed

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2015
Journal Name
Ieee Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques
On the Design of Gyroelectric Resonators and Circulators Using a Magnetically Biased 2-D Electron Gas (2-DEG)
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Ovonic Research
Study structure and optical properties of Ag2Se, Ag2Se0.8Te0.2 and Ag2Se0.8S0.2 thin films
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Silver sulfide and the thin films Ag2Se0.8Te0.2 and Ag2Se0.8S0.2 created by the thermal evaporation process on glass with a thickness of 350 nm were examined for their structural and optical properties. These films were made at a temperature of 300 K. According to the X-ray diffraction investigation, the films are polycrystalline and have an initial orthorhombic phase. Using X-ray diffraction research, the crystallization orientations of Ag2Se and Ag2Se0.8Te0.2 & Ag2Se0.8S0.2 (23.304, 49.91) were discovered (XRD). As (Ag2Se and Ag2Se0.8Te0.2 & Ag2Se0.8S0.2) absorption coefficient fell from (470-774) nm, the optical band gap increased (2.15 & 2 & 2.25eV). For instance, the characteristics of thin films made of Ag2Se0.8Te0.2 and Ag2Se0.8S0.2

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