This study investigated the outcome of Alstonia boonei stem bark on liver enzymes after inducing the Wistar albino rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). This effect of plant extract was compared with silymarin – a drug commonly used for the treatment of chronic hepatocyte disorder. The plant sample was extracted with ethanol; acute toxicity study of the extract was performed on eighteen Wistar mice, while 30 rats were sacrificed for liver enzymes assay. The rats were divided into six clusters: each cluster has five rats, culster 1 served as control and was given 2 mL/kg b.w - distilled water; clusters 2 – 6 were CCl₄ induced. Cluster 2 was untreated but served as the negative control while cluster 3 wa

Abstract

This research aims to identify the challenges faced by families of children with intellectual disabilities and to identify the impact of the challenges facing them on the mental health of their children with intellectual disabilities. Based on the following questions: What is the nature of the challenges faced by families of children with disabilities and how do these challenges affect the mental health of their children with intellectual disabilities? The study was conducted on a sample of four families of six children with intellectual disabilities, depending on the degree and type of disability. To achieve the study's objectives, the qualitative approach was used, Because of the importance of accessin

Shoulder immobilization is one of the injuries that lead to disability and loss of movement in the joint within a short time, which called the researchers to find appropriate therapeutic means to rehabilitate this injury. They prepared a rehabilitation program accompanying the reflexology technique to rehabilitate the injury of the immobilized shoulder of the small degree and improve the range of movement and muscle strength working on the shoulder joint The sample was selected from the male patients aged (40-50) years. The muscle strength test was used using the force sensor, the shoulder range test from the flexion and extension position and the visual analog test to measure the level of pain. The study concluded that the pre-rehabilitati

 The current research aims to: (know the effectiveness of the harvesting strategy in the achievement of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in environmental art.
- In order to know this effectiveness, the researcher put a main zero hypothesis and derived six sub-hypotheses from it. the usual way; As the research community reached (120) male and female students of the Fine Arts Institutes for the morning study in Baghdad. As for the research sample, it was chosen by the simple random method, and the number was (75) male and female students for the year 2021-2022 AD. The researcher applied a pre-knowledge test for the four groups of research to find out the level of previous experiences of students in the subject of environmen

The personal drama in particular, and one of the key elements underlying the dramatic structure to convey ideas and visions presented by the author when writing the text of the dramatic fall after that on the way out the submission form that suits the proposals of the text and processors directorial would push the wheel of dramatic structure to the front. So take the maker of the artwork (writer) undertook the transfer of those events and personalities in art presumed sometimes real and sometimes, in order to enrich the art inspired by the human reality through the ages, and full of its themes and ideas that led to the development experiences of peoples experiences of living. Therefore, we find it important to research in the characters

Background: In type 2 diabetes mellitus there is a progressive loss of beta cell function. One new
approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Objective: This study aims at comparing the possible occurrence of macrovascular & microvascular
complications in Iraqis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using two combinations of drugs
metformin + glibenclamide and metformin + sitagliptin.
Methodology: Sixty eight T2DM patients and 34 normal healthy individuals as control group were
enrolled in this study and categorized in to two treatment groups. The group 1 (34 patients ) received
metformin 500 mg three times daily

Objectives: acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious pathophysiology side effect of rhabdomyolysis. Inflammatory mechanisms play a role in the development of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Citronellol (CT) is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol (3,7-Dimethyl-6-often-1-ol) found in aromatic plant species' essential oils. In this study, we explored the protective effects of Citronellol on glycerol-induced AKI.

Methods: Four groups of eight mice each (n=8) were formed by randomly dividing the animals into the groups, glycerol-induced AKI model group, low-dose CT-treated group (50mg/kg), high-dose CT-treated group (100mg/kg), and control group. The renal functions of mice from all groups were evalua

In this paper, turbidimetric and reversed-phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) methods were described for the quantitative determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical injections form. The first method is based on measuring the turbidimetric values for the formed yellowish white precipitate in suspension status in order to determine the ephedrine hydrochloride concentration. The suspended substance is formed as a result of the reaction of ephedrine hydrochloride with phosphomolybdic acid which was used as a reagent. The physical and chemical characteristics of the complex were investigated. The calibration graphs of ephedrine were established by turbidity method. While the second method (UFLC) was conducted using the

This study was done to compare the morphometric parameters of placentas in well controlled patients with preeclampsia, diabetes, and preeclampsia-diabetes with that of normal uncomplicated placentas. Patients & Methods: A total of Twenty four placentas were freshly collected. Six placentas for control group and eighteen placentas for complicated group (preeclamptic-diabetic and preeclamptic--diabetic subgroups). The placentas were grossly examined (shape, number of cotyledons, weight, and thickness). After suitable fixation, tissue processing and sectioning, the sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to study the general morphology and morphometry of the following parameters: number of terminal villi, number of syncytial knots, numb

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was proposed for the analysis of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MPH) in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical tablets. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of MPH with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with 1-naphthol in sodium hydroxide medium to form azo dye, showing absorption maxima at 550 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.4 – 18 µg mL-1 of MPH with detection limit 0.5448 µg mL-1. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity are 3.4969 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0101 µg cm-2, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of MPH in pharmaceutical tablets with