This study aims at examining and confirming the patterns of phenetic relationships and the levels of variations within and among the species of Lotus L., 1753 in Egypt by using morphometric analysis techniques. We have evaluated 24 morphological characters from about 300 herbarium specimens representing 19 species of Lotus that are currently recognized. Based on numerical analyses of macromorphological characters (cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis and principal component analysis), 19 species of Lotus were recognized from Egypt. These species were clustered in six species-specific groups: (I) Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner, L. angustissimus L., L. glinoides Delile and L. schimperi Steud. ex Boiss., (II) Lotus glaber

     The objective of this study is to attempt to provide a quantitative analysis to the causes of unemployment  in Iraq and its mechanisms of generation, as well as a review of the most important  types of both visible and invisible unemployment, and an attempt to measure the disguised  unemployment  and analyze the causes. The problem of the research lies in the fact that the Iraqi Economy has been suffered  for  a long time although its characterized by abundant  physical and natural  resources, from the existence of the  phenomenon of unemployment  in the previous two types. Causing a lot of economic problems, represented by the great waste of resources and

The experiment was carried out in the green house of botanical garden belong to Department of Biology/College of Education for Pure Science Ibn AL-Haitham, University of Baghdad for growing season 2017-2018 to evaluate effect of lead stress with concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150) mg.L -1 and Selenium concentrations (0, 15, 30) mg.L-1 on growth of dill plant using pots. The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Result indicated that dill plants subjected to lead stress with height concentrations caused decrease in plant parameters (plant height, no. of branches. plant-1, root length, shoot dry weight, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, protein concentration, no. of umbe

؛ ١٨his study male and female albino mice werdministr^d doses of alkaloid and phenolic extracts of Allium cepa at doses of( 25 ,50,100, 200) mg / kg of( body weight). males and females were divided into four groups and each croup comprised mice were injected intra^ritonially daily for one week and orally ٢٠٢ one month . After which animals were killed and the serum was separated for biochemical analysis (total blood suger, total protein , otal cholesterol). Results showed significant decrease ( p< 0,05) in the total blood suger and total cholesterol on the serum of both males and females and significant increase( p< 0,05) in the total serum protein of both males and females of the two types of injection and oral administr

The result revealed that the peak of population density of cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae was 523.20 individuals/plant on 21 March in edges of rapeseed field and was 1141.67 individuals/plant in center of the field. Results revealed that population density of cabbage aphid in rapeseed fields surrounded by cover crops significantly were low compared with that of monoculture rapeseed. The location of rapeseed plants (in edges or in center) significantly affected (p<0.05) the tested pest density, e.g. optimum density was 146.69 individuals/plant in the center of the field. Whereas was 93.32 in the edges. Effect of the interaction between location and surrounding vegetation was significant on aphid density, which their population densit

A seasonal study of periphytic algae attached to the surface of river boats was conducted in Tigris river in Al Aadhamiya site for the period from October 2016 to May 2017. A total of 107 taxa of periphytic algae were identified belonging to the four classes of algae. The periphytic algae community dominated by Bacillariophyceae was (60.7%) followed by Chlorophyceae (20.5%) and Cyanophyceae (17.7%) Chrysophyceae was constituted (0.9%) of the total number. During the whole period of study filamentous taxa such as Oscillatoria amphibian, Phormidium spp., Spirulinagigantean, Cladophoreglomerata and Melosira roeseana remained the dominant colonizer which may be reflect the ability of this species to grow multiplies under different environmental