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Evaluation of the Role of Interleukein-2 and Interleukein-4 in the Immunopathogenesis of Steroid Therapy Resistance in Iraqi Asthmatic Patients
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Interleukins (IL-2 and IL-4) are increased in asthmatics and were reported to induce resistance to steroid therapy in some patients who fail to get benefit from glucocorticoids when used in full dose and for long period of time. In this context, the present study was conducted on Iraqi patients to provide additional laboratory mean, beside the clinical diagnosis, for the decision whether the asthma is steroid sensitive or resistant by monitoring the level of immunoglobulins, complement proteins and interleukins among asthmatic patients (steroid sensitive or resistant) and the possible contribution of other factors like age, sex and environments in the development of steroid resistance. A total number of 55 asthmatics and 28 normal subjects were enrolled in the study. Patients were diagnosed clinically as steroid sensitive (SSA) and steroid resistant (SRA) and blood samples were taken from all subjects included in the study for the measurement of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE), complement proteins (C3 and C4), interleukins (Il-2 and Il-4), and total and differential WBC counts.The results showed no age, sex and residence dependency of acquired steroid resistance, while smoking habit (and may be the atopic allergy) constitute marked predisposing factors. The level of IgA and IgE were high in both SRA and SSA, while IgG level was low in SRA. Complement proteins (C3 and C4) were not differ in asthmatic patients in comparison with control group. The interesting results were those concerning interleukins. The levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were very high in SRA than in SSA. These are parallel with high lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in blood samples of those patients.In conclusion, beside clinical diagnostic features concerning the dose and duration of therapy with glucocorticoids, monitoring the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 could provide additional laboratory diagnostic measures for the convincing decision that asthma is steroid resistant.

Key words: steroid resistant asthma, steroid sensitive asthma, IL-2, IL-4

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Cost Reduction and Sustainable Business Practices; A conceptual approach
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An excellent reputation earned by initiating and practicing sustainable business practices has additional benefits, of which are reducing environmental incidents and an improvement in operational efficiency as this has the potential to help firms improve on productivity and bring down operating costs. Taken further, with ever-increasing socially and environmentally-conscious investors and the public alike, this act of natural resources management could have a significant implication on market value and income of the practicing firms.

The above proposition has been supported by sustainable business practices literature that is continuously conversing and deliberating upon the impact of efficient resource d

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Vibration Characteristics Oblate Shell "With and Without Framed Structure"
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This paper presents the results of investigating the vibrational characteristics of oblate dish with and without framed structure . A finite element method, was applied to the dynamic analysis of oblate spheroidal shell. Different types of elements were considered in one dimension and two dimensions. It was found that the natural frequencies of oblate shells had two types of behavior against increasing the shell thickness and eccentricity, which are the membrane mode and bending mode –Since – the membrane modes natural frequencies tend to increase with the increasing the eccentricity of oblate, while the bending modes natural frequencies decrease with the increasing the eccentricity till reach the optimum eccentricity.

 

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
TV planning and ways to deal with space developments
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The quote of a Canadian communication scientist (Marshall McLuhan) (“The world has become an electronic village”) has become an archaic information compared to the great and rapid development of communication in the last two decades of the 20th century and what will happen later in the 21st century, to the extent that the world is called, thanks to the internet, a “Small screen” and this fact is a sign of the great progress that has been made in this field. As for the other statement of the Canadian communication scientist mentioned before “the medium itself, is the message”, it has been renewed and developed in its meaning and it’s purpose. Each new technical development in the means of communication necessarily means a me

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 28 2021
Journal Name
2021 1st Babylon International Conference On Information Technology And Science (bicits)
Enhanced Twitter Community Detection using Node Content and Attributes
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 14 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Functional enhancement and its reflection on industrial product systems
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The research tagged (functional enhancement and its reflection on industrial product systems) focused on the possibility of enhancing industrial products in terms of form and functionality in a way that they are able to meet the needs of the user through the impact of technology and modern technologies on the functional enhancement of industrial products and their effectiveness in achieving formal and functional design variables, and producing products Industrial products are highly efficient and durable in order to improve them in order to meet the needs of the user, the transfer of technology between life forms and industrial products is desirable because the functional enhancement processes that occurred in general on industrial produ

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Scheduling projects using dynamic programming style and smart algorithm
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The aim of this research is to compare traditional and modern methods to obtain the optimal solution using dynamic programming and intelligent algorithms to solve the problems of project management.

It shows the possible ways in which these problems can be addressed, drawing on a schedule of interrelated and sequential activities And clarifies the relationships between the activities to determine the beginning and end of each activity and determine the duration and cost of the total project and estimate the times used by each activity and determine the objectives sought by the project through planning, implementation and monitoring to maintain the budget assessed 

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Cystatin (C) and its correlation to ischemic heart disease
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Background: Cystatin C is recently considered to be a good predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)Objectives: Correlation between cystatin and ischemic heart disease.Methods :One hundred forty patients (140) with ischemic heart disease admitted to thin study at Baghdad teaching hospital from the period June. 2011 to Jan. 2012. Those patients was categorized into three groups.Group (A): patients with ischemic heart failure.Group (B): Patients with myocardial infarction.Group (C) patients with unstable angina.All these groups were in comparison to fifty (50) healthy controls. Fasting serum citation (C) were measured in all patients and control in addition to all other routine inves

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Hematology
Microalbuminuria among children and adolescents with sickle cell disease
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BACKGROUND: Sickle cell nephropathy, a heterogeneous group of renal abnormalities resulting from complex interactions of sickle cell disease (SCD)-related factors and non-SCD phenotype characteristics, is associated with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. AIMS: The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of microalbuminuria (MA) among pediatric patients with SCD and to determine risk factors for MA among those patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case–control study was carried out on 120 patients with SCD, 2–18 years old, registered at Basrah Center for Hereditary Blood Diseases, and 132 age-and sex-matched healthy children were included as a control group. Investigations included complete blood panel, blood urea, se

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Elastic electron scattering from 17Ne and 27P exotic nuclei
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The ground state proton, neutron and matter densities and
corresponding root mean square radii of unstable proton-rich 17Ne
and 27P exotic nuclei are studied via the framework of the twofrequency
shell model. The single particle harmonic oscillator wave
functions are used in this model with two different oscillator size
parameters core b and halo , b the former for the core (inner) orbits
whereas the latter for the halo (outer) orbits. Shell model calculations
for core nucleons and for outer (halo) nucleons in exotic nuclei are
performed individually via the computer code OXBASH. Halo
structure of 17Ne and 27P nuclei is confirmed. It is found that the
structure of 17Ne and 27P nuclei have 2
5 / 2 (1d ) an

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 20 2023
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Semi-Small Compressible Modules and Semi-Small Retractable Modules
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Let  be a commutative ring with 1 and  be left unitary  . In this paper we introduced and studied concept of semi-small compressible module (a     is said to be semi-small compressible module if  can be embedded in every nonzero semi-small submodule of . Equivalently,  is  semi-small compressible module if there exists a monomorphism  , ,     is said to be semi-small retractable module if  , for every non-zero  semi-small sub module in . Equivalently,  is semi-small retractable if there exists a homomorphism  whenever  .     In this paper we introduce and study the concept of semi-small compressible and semi-small retractable s as a generalization of compressible  and retractable  respectively and give some of their adv

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