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Evaluation of the Role of Interleukein-2 and Interleukein-4 in the Immunopathogenesis of Steroid Therapy Resistance in Iraqi Asthmatic Patients
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Interleukins (IL-2 and IL-4) are increased in asthmatics and were reported to induce resistance to steroid therapy in some patients who fail to get benefit from glucocorticoids when used in full dose and for long period of time. In this context, the present study was conducted on Iraqi patients to provide additional laboratory mean, beside the clinical diagnosis, for the decision whether the asthma is steroid sensitive or resistant by monitoring the level of immunoglobulins, complement proteins and interleukins among asthmatic patients (steroid sensitive or resistant) and the possible contribution of other factors like age, sex and environments in the development of steroid resistance. A total number of 55 asthmatics and 28 normal subjects were enrolled in the study. Patients were diagnosed clinically as steroid sensitive (SSA) and steroid resistant (SRA) and blood samples were taken from all subjects included in the study for the measurement of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE), complement proteins (C3 and C4), interleukins (Il-2 and Il-4), and total and differential WBC counts.The results showed no age, sex and residence dependency of acquired steroid resistance, while smoking habit (and may be the atopic allergy) constitute marked predisposing factors. The level of IgA and IgE were high in both SRA and SSA, while IgG level was low in SRA. Complement proteins (C3 and C4) were not differ in asthmatic patients in comparison with control group. The interesting results were those concerning interleukins. The levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were very high in SRA than in SSA. These are parallel with high lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in blood samples of those patients.In conclusion, beside clinical diagnostic features concerning the dose and duration of therapy with glucocorticoids, monitoring the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 could provide additional laboratory diagnostic measures for the convincing decision that asthma is steroid resistant.

Key words: steroid resistant asthma, steroid sensitive asthma, IL-2, IL-4

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 20 2022
Journal Name
Webology
The Impact of Job Satisfaction in Achieving Strategic Agility through the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing
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The main objective of this research is to identify the role of job satisfaction in influencing strategic agility through knowledge sharing. The researcher used the descriptive as well as the analytical approach in the completion of this research by collecting data by means of the questionnaire as the main tool on a sample of the General Company for Food Industries' employees, whose number reached (76) individuals. Moreover, some statistical methods were employed to process the data; including the arithmetic mean, Standard deviation, simple linear correlation coefficient (Pearson), simple linear regression, and the median variable test. It was represented that there is a significant and essential impact of job satisfaction in influen

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 02 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Exploiting the diazotization reaction of 4- minoacetophenone for Methyldopa determination.
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Based on the diazotization reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with sodium nitrite in acid medium to form diazonium salt, which was coupled with Methyldopa to form a violet reddish soluble azo dye with maximum absorbance at 560 nm,a batch procedure had been developed for the estamination of Methyldopa. Under optimum experimental parameters affecting on the development and stability of the colored product, Beer´s law obeyed in the range (0.5-45) ?g.ml-1 with a correlation coefficient (0.9979).The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Methyldopa in either pure form and in commercial brands of pharmaceuticals, no interference was observed from common excipients in the formulations. The analytical results obtained by app

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of monetary policy in the aggregate indicator of banking stability in Iraq: An applied research in the Central Bank of Iraq for the period (2010 - 2017)
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The research sought to demonstrate the effectiveness of monetary policy in banking stability by measuring the impact of monetary policy in the composite index of banking stability in Iraq for the period 2010/2017, as the stability of the financial system is one of the main objectives that the Central Bank is keen to achieve along with other objectives to ensure the performance Effective for all economic units, this is what prompted the central banks to give more attention in ensuring the safety, durability and stability of their financial systems, and the increasing interest by the Central Bank of Iraq in the subject of financial stability stems from its responsibility in ensuring a sound and stable financial system. Maintain it and mini

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Sports Establishment in The Insurance Industry: An Applied Research at The Insurance Sector
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Sports risk has become a threat to the sports sector in general and the impact on an efficient player and the old stadiums in particular. So have such a thing fertile ground of global insurance companies to exploit it optimally exploited through the development and marketing of insurance lids for the provision of protection for athletes of different risks they may face, which contributed to the growth and development of the performance of these companies and helped in the emergence of sports insurance specialist firms. And through the insurance process in the field of sports and where the insurance is a type of social solidarity. The main problem is this spirit manifested search in question is whether to embrace sports institutions sport

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Publication Date
Tue May 16 2023
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
(The role of the Security Council in Managing international crises (The Libyan crisis as a model
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The Security Council has an active role in addressing international crises and dealing with their causes. The Libyan crisis is one of the most important real tests of the Security Council and its role in maintaining international peace and security, as the Council has proven so far an ineffective role in resolving the crisis and dealing withtheir causes, which has prolonged its duration and increased its complexities and dangerous repercussions, perhaps the most prominent of which is the threat of the recently achieved cease-fire and the formation of a new transitional government led by Abdel Hamid al-Dabaiba, the growing significant obstacles facing the political process, foremost of which is the continued presence of foreign forces , m

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Phenomena of corruption and money laundering: and causes and risks and their role in the financing of terrorism in Iraq and finding ways of treatment
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Iraq  is Suffering nowadays from the criminal triad represented by the fiscal and administrative corruption, money laundering and terrorism, which are intertwined in a very related relations, as each of them support the other . Since the over growth has been one of its characteristics leaving behind a very dangerous negative effects whether it was social , economic or even political impacts . As a result , this trial is now represents a high risk that threatens the present and the future of Iraq . On the political , economic and social level , it is well to mention that the poor direct investment , the increasing rates of poverty , unemployment , inflation as well as the smuggling of goreign currency an

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Transer towards economic substance over the legal form and its role in improving the quality of financial reporting.
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The follower of the needs of the users of accounting information notices the necessity of adopting faithful representation of information Hence, IASB adopted the economic substance approach as the basis for the Formulation and development of international accounting standards Therefore, this research discusses the reflection of the economic phenomenon in terms of its economic substance on the subject of measurement , And it should be consistent measurement method where the problem of research is concentrated in the fact that the economic units operating in the local environment to address events and economic phenomena according to the legal form , as appropriate With the requirements of the unified accounting sys

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of the performance of private hospitals from the point of view of the beneficiaries (A field Study in the private Sector hospitals in Baghdad)
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Objectives: This Paper is an attempt to evaluate the services provided by the private hospitals
and to identify the strength and weakness in
their performance The results can be utilized in stating conclusion and recommendations to improve
and activate the role of private medical sector in society .
Methodology: A questionnaire has be designed for this purpose and distributed to ( 132 ) beneficiaries
mostly from Baghdad private hospitals .
Results: The paper has come out with many important results . Among These are the following :
* these who benefit from services provided by private hospitals believe that the good performance of
such hospital is not due to the medical services alone but also to scientific aspect

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of University Leaders' Behavior and the Faculty Members' Motivation towards the Work in the Iraqi Colleges of Nursing
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Objective(s): The present study aims at identifying the Iraqi Colleges of Nursing Deans' leadership
behaviors effectiveness and faculty members' motivation towards work in these colleges.
Methodology: Descriptive design has been used for the sample survey manner, which is the
appropriate approach to the study of social phenomena in the field where provides data on the reality of
these phenomena and relations between the causes and consequences and an analysis of it and perhaps
the factors affecting it and how it appears. The study relies on a questionnaire to collect data from the
participants which is composed of (86) items distributed on three axes: First, the demographic
characteristics which are composed of (8) i

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Al-taqni Journal
The Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection According to the Age and Sex in Some of Iraqi Children.
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