Preferred Language
Articles
/
bijps-560
Effects of Abuse of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Iraqi Athletes
...Show More Authors

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are man-made derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone, originally designed for therapeutic uses to provide higher anabolic potency with lower androgenic effects. Increasing numbers of young athletes are using these agents illicitly to enhance physical fitness, appearance, and performance despite their numerous side effects and worldwide banning.  Today, their use remains one of the main health problems in sports because of their availability and low price.  The present study focuses on investigating the adverse effects of anabolic androgenic steroid abuse on sex hormones, liver and renal function tests, fasting glucose levels and lipid metabolism in Iraqi male recreational bodybuilders. We have recruited fifteen male bodybuilders (age 19-32 years) and an equal number of healthy non-obese, non-AAS-using sedentary controls. Serum hormones (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, and prolactin), liver function indices (serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP),  total and direct bilirubin), renal function parameters (serum creatinine and urea), lipid profile and serum glucose levels were measured.  Abuse of AAS was associated with significant decreases (p< 0.005) in serum levels of LH (66.9%), FSH (49.8 %) and testosterone (63.7%) together with significant increases (p< 0.05) in prolactin concentrations (49.8%) in AAS-using bodybuilders compared to sedentary controls. Anabolic androgenic steroids-using athletes had significantly higher (p< 0.05) circulating levels of total bilirubin (116.3%), direct bilirubin (127.6%), aspartate (1752.9%) and alanine (263.1 %) transaminases than those of sedentary control subjects. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two groups. Concerning renal function, AAS-using athletes had significantly higher serum concentrations of creatinine (28.6%) and urea (21.3%) than sedentary controls. Meanwhile, AAS abuse was accompanied by atherogenic lipid profile.  Anabolic androgenic steroids -using athletes had significantly higher (p< 0.05) serum levels of triglycerides (TG) (45.6%), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (26.0%) and very  low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(VLDL-C) (45.6%) together with significantly lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)  (31.3%) than sedentary controls. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and fasting glucose concentrations were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two groups. The results presented in the study confirm that abuse of AAS induces unfavorable body functions and undesirable side effects. Therefore, efforts should be sought against use of these compounds outside the therapeutic frame.

Key words: anabolic steroids, athletes, bodybuilding, exercise.

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Designing activity based costing systems ABC for transport services and its role in improving the efficiency of pricing decisions: بحث تطبيقي في الشركة العامة لادارة النقل الخاص
...Show More Authors

  The research dealt with the design of the cost accounting system for the transport service and its Role in improving the efficiency of pricing decisions through the application of the cost system based on ABC activities. The main activities were defined and cost guides were to measure the cost of each service and to determine the cost of each service for the purpose of providing management with appropriate information and pricing decisions The problem of research in the lack of adoption by some public companies in the service sector on the cost accounting system to calculate the cost of service as well as the lack of identification of productive activities and service activities and therefore cannot make the appropriate decision t

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The designed housing projects as an alternative for the informal building and their impact in addressing the heterogeneity of the urban escape in the built residential areas
...Show More Authors

The phenomenon of informal building Spread recently in Iraqi residential areas, in general, and in Baghdad, in particular, due to the urgent housing need, on the one hand, and lack of commitment to building controls, on the other hand, to highlight the phenomenon of uncommitted building to controls and housing governing legislation in Iraq, leading to heterogeneity in both building densities and plot areas, and disorder in the urban fabric and urban escape of those areas. Research problem identified as the absence of a clear vision about the General aspects of the phenomenon of informal building in residential street scene, and the role of designed housing projects as a substitute for informal building in built residential areas. The des

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Sep 24 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Arabic Language Teachers’ Training Needs for Implementing Cognitive Trips Strategy when Teaching Arabic Language Courses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: أمل ناصر الحربي, و وفاء العويضي
...Show More Authors

The present work focuses on examining the strategy of cognitive trips and the Arabic language teachers’ training needs of such a strategy when teaching Arabic language courses in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom. To achieve the objective of the study, and check whether this strategy is used in lesson planning, lesson teaching, or lesson assessment, a descriptive approach and a questionnaire have been adopted. The researchers used a number of statistical tools, and chose a purposive sample, which consists of (58) Arabic language teachers from Saudi Arabia Kingdom. Results have shown that the training needs of Arabic language teachers for implemining the strategy of cognitive journeys while teaching Arabic language courses came in the following

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Dec 20 2017
Journal Name
Anglisticum.
The Pragmatic Argumentation of Discourse Markers in English Academic Writing: A Corpus-Based Analysis الحجة التداولية لعلامات الخطاب في الكتابة الأكاديمية الإنكليزية: تحليل يعتمد على البيانات المحوسبة
...Show More Authors

Academic writing is a key skill for success in academic life, particularly for graduate students of a foreign language. The importance of writing to academic culture, practice, and knowledge building has led to a great deal of research in many fields, including rhetoric and composition, linguistics, applied linguistics, and English for Academic Purposes (EAP). Often, studies and research investigating academic writing are motivated by the need to inform the learning of writing to native and non-native English-speaking students, through both descriptions of professional academic writing as well as through comparisons of novice writer (native and non-native Englishspeaking) and expert production. However, while learning about academic writing

... Show More
Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Hidden messages in (Pour un oui ou pour un non) of Nathalie Sarraute: Les messages cachés dans "Pour un oui ou pour un non" de Nathalie Sarraute
...Show More Authors

       The implicit is the narrative technique used to give indirect hidden messages. To read between the lines means to understand the implicit meaning that is not directly indicated. This technique is expressed in two forms: the hypothesis and the implications of linguistic and non-linguistic rules. Nathalie Sarraute’s "Pour un oui ou pour un non" states this narrative method through her character’s verbal and non-verbal dialogue. The present paper discusses the implicit method and shows the reason behind which  the author uses it in her play "Pour un oui ou pour un non".

Résumé

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2008
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of the Transition Metals (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II)) with aniline-2-thio methylene chloridecomplexes.
...Show More Authors

Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of charge density distributions, elastic charge form factors and root-mean square radii for 4He, 12C and 16O nuclei using Woods- Saxon and harmonic-oscillator potentials
...Show More Authors

The nuclear charge density distributions, form factors andcorresponding proton, charge, neutron, and matter root mean squareradii for stable 4He, 12C, and 16O nuclei have been calculated usingsingle-particle radial wave functions of Woods-Saxon potential andharmonic-oscillator potential for comparison. The calculations for theground charge density distributions using the Woods-Saxon potentialshow good agreement with experimental data for 4He nucleus whilethe results for 12C and 16O nuclei are better in harmonic-oscillatorpotential. The calculated elastic charge form factors in Woods-Saxonpotential are better than the results of harmonic-oscillator potential.Finally, the calculated root mean square radii usingWoods-Saxonpotentials ho

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref (4)
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Dec 28 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Penalty of Semi-Intentional Killing Offence according to the Egyptian and Algerian Penal Law: An Evaluative Study from the Islamic Viewpoint: محمد جبر السيد عبد الله جميل
...Show More Authors

The study aims at  evaluating  the penalty of  semi- intentional killing felony in the Egyptian and Algerian criminal law following the Islamic Law (Shari'a). The  study used the descriptive, evalutive and analytical  methodology  to  reach the topic in question. To meet the theoretical significance of the study, much data has been collected to give a comprehensive picture about the topic under examination. As for the practical significance of the study, it helps the juridical power to reconsider and phrase the legal materials of the semi-intentional killing penalty based on the Islamic law. The study has come to the conclusions that the Islamic Law (Shari'a) imposes a compensation (blood-money) to be g

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Sep 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Reasons for Lying in Kindergarten Children from the Kindergarten Teachers’ Point of View: A Comparative Study between Males and Females: سجلاء فائق هاشم , كلثوم عبد عون ردام
...Show More Authors

Lying is considered a dangerous tendency among children if it has become a habit. It results in many social problems, such as child’s loss of confidence, lack of others’ respect to him, and his lack of respect to the desired values ​​of the society, such as honesty and trust. Consequently, he will be led to a deviation when he becomes old; especially if the child’s socially unaccepted behavior has not been directed. The research, thus, aims to examine the causes of lying in the most important stage of children’s life; that is, between (4-6) years. Such an aim helps to know about the individual reasons of lying among males and females from teachers’ perspectives. To meet the objective of the study, a number of (128) children

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Dec 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Spectral and Dyeing Performance Studies of 4-(2-Aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one Complexes with Some Metal Ions
...Show More Authors

The ligand 4-(2-aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 4-nitroaniline was synthesized. The synthesized ligand was characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. Complexes of (YIII and LaIII ) with the ligand were prepared in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH. The prepared complexes were characterized by using flame atomic absorption, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra,(C.H.N) analysis and conductivity measurement. The stoichiometry of complexes was studied by the mole ratio and job methods. A concentration range (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M) obeyed Beer's law, the complex solutions show high values of molar absorption. On the basis of physicochemical

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (3)
Crossref