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The Effect of Atenolol on CK-MB Levels in Hypertensive Patients
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Atenolol is one of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. It is widely used for the treatment of hypertension as a selective antihypertensive drug. But long term usage of atenolol may cause one of the cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction. To prove the relationship between atenolol and cardiovascular disease, measurement of creatinekinase-MB as a diagnostic indicator in early and long term usage of this drug by hypertensive patients is recommended.  A comparative study was conducted in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital–Emergency Department- on 30 hypertensive patients using atenolol. They were divided into (2) groups A and B according to the duration of the drug usage. Group A- (15) patients with a mean age (56+6) years. They used atenolol for a period of (1-5) years. Group B- also (15) patients with mean age (60+6) years. They used atenolol for (6-20) years. Both groups were with nearly the same number of males and females. All subjects of the study groups were screened to exclude evidence of hyper or hypothyroidism, diabetes and chronic renal failure. Venous blood samples were taken in first 8 hours after onset symptoms of cardiac attack from each patients and the levels of creatine kinase-MB were estimated and compared between the (2) groups. There is a significant correlation between levels of serum creatine kinase-MB of group A and group B (P<0.05). Atenolol causes increased level of serum CK-MB and this increase was directly proportional to the duration of the drug usage. CK-MB is one of cardiac markers that released from heart muscle when it is damaged as a result of myocardial infraction. So, atenolol has a significant correlation with development of myocardial diseases.

Key words:  hypertension ,  Atenolol  and  side  effects ,  creatine kinase-MB ,  Atenolol antihypertensive.

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 07 2020
Journal Name
Water Environment Research
Assessment of microbial contamination levels of water in hemodialysis centers in Baghdad, Iraq
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Abstract<sec><label></label><p>Monitoring water quality in hemodialysis systems is extremely important to maintain adequate quality services for patients suffering from kidney failure. This work aims to examine and evaluate bacteriological characteristics and endotoxin contamination levels in hemodialysis water produced in dialysis centers. Forty‐eight water samples were collected and analyzed from four major hospitals in Baghdad for one year to evaluate seasonal effects. The analysis included the determination of total heterotrophic bacteria using the pour plate method, identification of bacterial isolate using the Vitek2 compact instrument, and the determination of endotoxins levels using Limulus ameboc</p></sec> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 03 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Using Mental Maps On Cognitive Achievement In Rhythmic Gymnastics
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Publication Date
Tue Sep 23 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Sport Science Technology And Physical Activities
The Effect of Flipped Learning on Overhand Serve Skill Acquisition in Volleyball
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The study aimed to determine the effect of the flipped learning model in improving the acquisition of the overhand serve skill in volleyball among second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Baghdad, for the academic year 2024/2025. The study used an experimental design with a control group and pre-post testing, on a purposive sample consisting of 12 students. The model relied on watching short videos before class via the SGS application, and practical application in class at a rate of three sessions per week. The results showed a significant improvement in performance, as the calculated value (t = 5.356) exceeded the tabulated value (2.042) at a significance level of 0.05. The percentage of s

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Investigating the Sensitivity Effect of Actuarial Assumptions on Pension Liabilities in Malaysia
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Malaysia will be an ageing population by 2030 as the number of those aged 60 years and above has increased drastically from 6.2 percent in 2000 and is expected to reach 13.6 percent by 2030. There are many challenges that will be faced due to the ageing population, one of which is the increasing cost of pensions in the future. In view of that, it is necessary to investigate the effect of actuarial assumptions on pension liabilities under the perspective of ageing. To estimate the pension liabilities, the Projected Unit Credit method is used in the study and commutation functions are employed in the process. Demographic risk and salary risk have been identified as major risks in analyzing pension liabilities in this study. The sensitivity

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The Effect of Surface Roughness on Thermohydrodynamic Performance in Misaligned Journal Bearings
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     In this work an approach has been developed to investigate the influence of surface roughness on thermohydrodynamic performance in aligned and misaligned journal bearings by considering an average flow model and deriving the shear flow factor for various roughness configurations, similar to the pressure flow factor. An average Reynolds equation for rough surfaces is defined in term of pressure and shear flow factors, which can be obtained by numerical flow simulation, though the use of measured or numerically generated rough surfaces. Reynolds, heat conduction and energy equations are solved simultaneously by using a suitable numerical technique (Finite Difference Method) to obtain the pressure and temperature di

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effect of Dunn Dunn model on students’ achievement in Geography course
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The study seeks to investigate the effect of Dunn Dunn learning style model on students’ achievement. Besides, the way of developing students’ deductive thinking by testing the null hypothesis: there is no significant difference between experimental group who takes Dunn Dunn model as style in studying geography and control group that follows a traditional method in studying geography at the level of (0,05). Additionally, there is no significant difference between experimental group who takes Dunn Dunn model as style in studying geography and control group that follows a traditional method in studying geography at the level of (0,05) on testing developing deductive thinking skills. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental posttest

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Dynamic Loading on Stresses Induced in Charnley Hip Prosthesis
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This study produces an image of theoretical and experimental case of high loading stumbling condition for hip prosthesis. Model had been studied namely Charnley. This model was modeled with finite element method by using ANSYS software, the effect of changing the design parameters (head diameter, neck length, neck ratio, stem length) on Charnley design, for stumbling case as impact load where the load reach to (8.7* body weight) for impact duration of 0.005sec.An experimental rig had been constructed to test the hip model, this rig consist of a wood box with a smooth sliding shaft where a load of 1 pound is dropped from three heights.
The strain produced by this impact is measured by using rosette strain gauge connected to Wheatstone

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Effect of Assessment Techniques on EFL Learners’ achievement in TOEFL Test
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While many educators are highly focused on state test, it is important to consider that
over the course of a year, instructors can build in many opportunities to assess how learners
are learning. Therefore, assessment techniques are considered a good method to get benefit
for both instructors and learners in the process of teaching and learning. The sample consists
of 27 learners who participated in TOEFL training course in the Development and Continuous
Education Centre. Validity and reliability were verified.
To fulfill the aims and verify the hypothesis which reads as follows” It is hypothesized
that the TOEFL learners' scores will not be increased after TOEFL course training.” T-test
for two dependent samp

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 06 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effect of change in the coefficient of permeability on consolidation chacractertistics of clay
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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE COEFFICIENT OF PERMEABILITY ON CONSOLIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAYS
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The settlement rate and pore water pressure dissipation rate are mainly controlled by the permeability of soil. Both laboratory and field tests show that the permeability is varied during the loading and consolidation process. It is known that consolidation process is accompanied by decrease in void ratio which leads to decrease in the coefficient of permeability. The importance of the decrease of the coefficient of permeability on the time rate of settlement and pore water pressure needs to be investigated.
This paper takes into account the change in coefficient of permeability during consolidation and studies its effect on consolidation characteristics of a clay layer. The finite element method is used in the analysis and the packag

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