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Dose-dependent Anti-inflammatory Effect of Silymarin in Experimental Animal Model of Acute Inflammation
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Silymarin, a flavolignans from seeds of ‘milk thistle’ “Silybum marianum” has been widely used from ancient times because of its excellent hepatoprotective action. It has been used clinically to treat liver disorders including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, toxin/drug-induced hepatitis and cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease. The efficacy and dose-response effect of silymarin (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) were assessed using egg albumin-induced paw edema in rats as a model of acute inflammation. In this model, 56 rats were used and allocated into 7 subgroups each containing 8 rats. All treatments were given intraperitonealy 30 minutes before induction of inflammation by egg albumin and then the increase in paw edema was measured 1h, 2h and 3h after induction of inflammation by using the vernier caliper. The results indicated that silymarin, at doses range used, significantly lowered paw edema (P<0.05) an effect comparable to that produced by the reference drugs, acetyl salicylic acid, meloxicam and dexamethazone. Paw edema suppressive effect of silymarin 250 and 500 mg/kg was comparable and both of them were significantly different from that of silymarin 125 mg/kg (P<0.05). Therefore, silymarin exert an important anti-inflammatory activity in animal model of acute inflammation, which was significantly increased as the dose increased up to 250 mg/kg.

Key words: Silymarin, acute inflammation, dose-response

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Membranes
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Lead Pb2+ and Cd2+ Retention from a Single Salt Using a Hollow Fiber PES Membrane
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The present work reports the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead Pb2+ and cadmium Cd2+ ions from a single salt. This study investigated the effect of operating variables, including pH, types of PES membrane, and feed concentration, on the separation process. The transport parameters and mass transfer coefficient (k) of the membranes were estimated using the combined film theory-solution-diffusion (CFSD), combined film theory-Spiegler-Kedem (CFSK), and combined film theory-finely-porous (CFFP) membrane transport models. Various parameters were used to estimate the enrichment factors, concentration polarization modulus, and Péclet number. The pH values signif

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Publicizing the survey image in local consumer protection the mission program is a model
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The investigative film is part of the documentary films and is considered one of the important films that have a high viewership by the recipient, which is of great importance in transmitting information and contributing to creating awareness of the community through the advertising function performed by the cinematic image, as the researcher addresses the concept of advertising and its development through the time stages. And advertising functions. Then the researcher dealt in his research with the cinematic technical elements that contribute to the success of the investigative advertising work, such as camera movements, music, sound effects, dialogue ... etc., which enrich the investigative picture with realism and the flow of informat

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 09 2025
Journal Name
Intelligent Decision Technologies
Safety assessment model for DoS attacks detection in wireless communication and network OS environments
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Wireless networks and communications have witnessed tremendous development and growth in recent periods and up until now, as there is a group of diverse networks such as the well-known wireless communication networks and others that are not linked to an infrastructure such as telephone networks, sensors and wireless networks, especially in important applications that work to send and receive important data and information in relatively unsafe environments, cybersecurity technologies pose an important challenge in protecting unsafe networks in terms of their impact on reducing crime. Detecting hacking in electronic networks and penetration testing. Therefore, these environments must be monitored and protected from hacking and malicio

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 26 2022
Journal Name
Petroleum Science And Technology
Building 3D geological model using non-uniform gridding for Mishrif reservoir in Garraf oilfield
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Publication Date
Mon May 12 2025
Journal Name
Boundary Value Problems
Minimal wave speed and traveling wave in nonlocal dispersion SIS epidemic model with delay
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This study examines traveling wave solutions of the SIS epidemic model with nonlocal dispersion and delay. The research shows that a key factor in determining whether traveling waves exist is the basic reproduction number R0. In particular, the system permits nontrivial traveling wave solutions for σ≥σ∗ for R0>1, whereas there are no such solutions for σ<σ∗. This is because there is a minimal wave speed σ∗>0. On the other hand, there are no traveling wave solutions when R0≤1. In conclusion, we provide several numerical simulations that illustrate the existence of TWS.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Populism in the Palestinian political discourse The Fatah and Hamas movements are a model
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Receipt Date:10/11/2021 Acceptance Date:29/12/2021 Publication Date:31/12/2021

Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The study aimed to clarify the conceptual explanations and the theoretical rooting of the concept of the populist phenomenon. And explore the political and cultural implications and connotations contained in populist political discourse. And to stand on the foundations and meanings on w

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Russian-American competition in the Middle East:Power and roles conflict: Syria as a model
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Because of its importance in the world, Middle East area is one of the competition areas between the major and great powers. Among those powers are Russia and United states of America. The competition between these two powers to control Syria is greatly clear since 2011. It is also one of the most important subject in the international politics. This importance comes from the importance of Russia and the United States of America besides importance of the Middle East. At the end of the cold war, United States of America maintained its role in the international system and became the only pole that dominated the international affairs while Russia tried to overcome the challenges inherited from the former Soviet Union, and it succeeded in th

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Deterioration Model for Sewer Network Asset Management in Baghdad City (case study Zeppelin line)
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Asset management involves efficient planning of economic and technical performance characteristics of infrastructure systems. Managing a sewer network requires various types of activities so the network can be able to achieve a certain level of performance. During the lifetime of the network various components will start to deteriorate leading to bad performance and can damage the infrastructure. The main objective of this research is to develop deterioration models to provide an assessment tool for determining the serviceability of the sewer networks in Baghdad city the Zeppelin line was selected as a case study, as well as to give top management authorities the appropriate decision making. Different modeling techniques

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluating Training Programs According to model Kirkpatrick / field research in the Health Maysan Directorate .
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This present paper aim at knowing  the process of evaluating the training program that could be applied  in Maysan Health office  for it significance and importance in field of management and vocational staff  preparations  of high  scientific experience in different fields of  Health.  The society of research includes staffs  working in Maysan Health Office  , of specialists ,  dentists, pharmacists, laboratories, nursing  and administrators. Their number is 100 employees, the researcher has designed questionnaire by depending on "Kirkpatrick"  for assessing  the training . The researcher has used   thorough survey and has entailed 90 questionnaire,

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using the Logistic Regression Model in Studding the Assistant Factors to Diagnose Bladder Cancer
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The cancer is one of the biggest health problems that facing the world . And  the bladder cancer has a special place among the most spread cancers in Arab countries specially in Iraq and Egypt(2) . It is one of the diseases which can be treated and cured if it is diagnosed early . This research is aimed at studying the assistant factors that diagnose bladder cancer such as (patient's age , gender , and other major complains of hematuria , burning or pain during urination and micturition disorders) and then determine which factors are the most effective in the possibility of diagnosing this disease by using the statistical model (logistic regression model) and depending on a random sample of (128) patients . After

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