The present work reports on the performance of three types of nanofiltration membranes in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead (Pb²⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) from single and binary salt aqueous solutions simulating real wastewaters. The effect of the operating variables (pH (5.5-6.5), types of NF membrane and initial ions concentration (10-250 ppm)) on the separation process and water flux was investigated. It was observed that the rejection efficiency increased with increasing pH of solution and decreasing the initial metal ions concentrations. While the flux decreased with increasing pH of solution and increasing initial metal ions concentrations. The maximum rejection of lead and cadmium ion

Background: periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease causing destruction of the tooth supporting structures, initiated by dental plaque and modified by environmental and genetic risk factors. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is responsible for the production of prostaglandin E2, an important mediator in the chronic periodontitis (CP) pathogenesis. Polymorphisms in COX-2 gene have linked to CP in different populations. Aim: To study the association between Cyclooxygenase-2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs689466 (-1195A/G SNP) and chronic periodontitis in a sample of Iraqi population. Methods: One hundred Iraqi subjects divided into two groups: case group consisted of 70 CP patient (35 males and 35 females) with age range 30-55 year

WA Shukur, journal of the college of basic education, 2011 The aim of this research is designing and implementing proposed steganographic method. The proposed steganographic method don’t use a specific type of digital media as a cover but it can use all types of digital media such as audio, all types of images, video and all types of files as a cover with the same of security, accuracy and quality of original data, considering that the size of embedded data must be smaller than the size of a cover. The proposed steganographic method hides embedded data at digital media without any changing and affecting the quality of the cover data. This means, the difference rate between cover before hiding operation and stego is zero. The proposed steg

This research presents a study for precipitating phosphorus (as phosphate ion) from simulated wastewater (5ppm initial concentration of phosphorus) using calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)₂ solution. The removal of phosphorus by Ca (OH)₂ solution is expected to be very effective since the chemical reaction is of acid-base type but Ca(OH)₂ forms complex compound with phosphate ions called. Hydroxyapatite Ca₅ (PO₄)₃OH. hydroxyapatite is slightly soluble in water. This research was directed towards sustainable elements as phosphorus. Kinetics of the dissolution reaction of hydroxyapatite was investigated to find the best factors to recover phosphorus. The effect of con

Abstract The surface of kaolin was diagnosed by an AFM and the results were shown The height of the highest peak reached by a quantity of Kaolin ‎surface is 2.5 µm, the granules, and their diameter with an average diameter of 666.1nm. Using Kaolin's adsorption properties, erythrosine was removed of its aqueous solution. It was determined that the maximal dye adsorption ranged 36.53–40.61%. ‎‎‎‎The results of using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms revealed that at temperatures of (298,308,318) K, the Freundlich model was followed, the Langmuir model did not match, and the Temkin model could only be partially applied. There is also physical adsorption. One of the three kinetic models of the

A new method for determination of allopurinol in microgram level depending on its ability to reduce the yellow absorption spectrum of (I-3) at maximum wavelength ( ?max 350nm) . The optimum conditions such as "concentration of reactant materials , time of sitting and order of addition were studied to get a high sensitivity ( ? = 27229 l.mole-1.cm-1) sandal sensitivity : 0.0053 µg cm-2 ,with wide range of calibration curve ( 1 – 9 µg.ml-1 ) good stability (more then24 hr.) and repeatability ( RSD % : 2.1 -2.6 % ) , the Recovery % : ( 98.17 – 100.5 % ) , the Erel % ( 0.50 -1.83 % ) and the interference's of Xanthine , Cystein , Creatinine , Urea and the Glucose in 20 , 40 , 60 fold of analyate were also studied .

A new, Simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) drug in pure and dosage forms. This method based on the reaction of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with 1,2-napthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid (NQS) to form Nalkylamono naphthoquinone by replacement of the sulphonate group of the naphthoquinone sulphonic acid by an amino group. The colored chromogen shows absorption maximum at 460 nm. The optimum conditions of condensation reaction forms were investigated by (1) univariable method, by optimizing the effect of experimental variables (different bases, reagent concentration, borax concentration and reaction time), (2) central composite design (CCD) including the effect of

The adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto bentonite and activated carbon was investigated. The effects of pH, initial adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacities for bentonite and activated carbon were 0.0364 and 0.015 mg/mg, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, Enthalpy change and Entropy change have been calculated. These thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was thermodynamically spontaneous under natural conditions and the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Experimental data were also tested in terms of adsorption kinetics, the results showed that the adsorption processes followed well pseudo second- order