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In Vitro Effect of Cholesterol and Different Sugars on Digitonin Production in Multiplied Shoots of Digitalis purpurea L. Plant
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Production of  the steroidal saponin digitonin  in multiplied shoots of Digitalis purpurea , (var. Excelsior Mixed) has been achieved in vitro by two experiments. In the experiment 1, shoot tips ( 1cm length ) explants  from the sterilized seedlings were excised and cultured on MS medium ( Murashige and Skoog medium) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L TDZ (thidiazuron) and   cholesterol at the concentrations 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/L. After 45 day, results showed that the treatment with 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 2.0mg/L cholesterol had a positive effected on increasing the dry weight of multiplied shoots and their production of digitonin when compared with other treatments, where this treatment gave 2.98 g  dry weight of multiplied shoots and digitonin at amount of 64.42 mg/g dry weight, while the other studied characteristics of multiplied shoots (content the total chlorophyll, soluble sugars and starch.) also this treatment had appositive effected and was gave the following values:- (3.51 mg/g fresh weight, 5.06% ,6.09% ) respectively. After that experiment 2 was carried out . The objective of this  experiment was to increase the degree of digitonin production in multiplied shoots compared with the experiment 1.Therfore in the experiment 2, we were selected supplements the best treatment of  experiment 1(0.5mg /L TDZ  and 2.0mg/ L cholesterol )  and supplemented to the MS medium with the sugars glucose, fructose, sucrose or maltose at the concentrations 30,50,70 or 90 g/L for each sugar. After 45 days results showed that the treatment with  0.5 mg/L TDZ, 2.0 mg/L cholesterol and 50g/L maltose was the best a compared with other treatments, where this treatment  gave 4.52 g dry weight of multiplied shoots and digitonin at amount  of 191.87 mg/g dry weight .  The content of multiplied shoots from the total chlorophyll, soluble sugars and starch also this treatment  gave highest values and they are 4.97 mg/g fresh weight , 5.91% and 8.30%  respectively .

Key words: Digitalis purpurea, Cholesterol, Sugars, Digitonin .  

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 06 2026
Journal Name
Journal Mustansiriyah Of Sports Science
The Effect of Ocular Reflex Exercises Using a Proposed Device on Eyes - Hands Coordination for Junior Boxers
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2004
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Studying Effect of Elongational Viscosity on the Velocity Distribution for Dry/Wet-Spun Nascent Hollow Fiber Membrane
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 25 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The Effect of Training Exercises Using an Innovative Device on Developing Skill Performance Among Female Foil Fencers
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 11 2021
Journal Name
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
The Effect of Low Velocity Impact Loading on SelfCompacting Concrete Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers
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t-Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) reduces environmental noise and has more workability. This research presents an investigation of the behavior of SCC under mechanical loading (impact loading). Two types of cement have been used to produce SCC mixtures, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Limestone Cement (PLC), which reduces the emission of carbon dioxide during the manufacturing process. The mixes were reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) which is usually used to improve the seismic performance of masonry walls, to replace lost steel reinforcements, or to increase column strength and ductility. Workability tests were carried out for fresh SCC. Prepared concrete slabs of 500×500×50mm were tested for lo

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Temperature effect on optical properties of nickel (ii) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPcTs) organic thin films
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This study describe the effect of temperature on the optical
properties of nickel(ii) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium
salt (NiPcTs) organic thin films which are prepared by spin coating
on indium tin oxide (ITO-glass). The optical absorption spectra of
these thin films are measured. Present studies reveal that the optical
band gap energies of NiPcTs thin films are dependent on the
annealing temperatures. The optical band gap decreases with increase
in annealing temperature, then increased when the temperature rising
to 473K. To enhance the results of Uv-Vis measurements and get
more accurate values of optical energy gaps; the Photoluminescence
spectra of as-deposited and annealed NiPcTs thin fi

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Autophagy or Apoptosis: Anticancer Molecular Mechanism of Epigallocatechin Gallate with Natural Polyphenol Effect on HepG2 Cells Viability
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Background: The anticancer impact of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) the highly active polyphenol of green tea was abundantly studied.  Though, the exact mechanism of its cytotoxicity is still under investigation. Objectives: Hence, the current study designed to investigate the molecular target of EGCG in HepG2 cells on thirteen autophagy- and/or apoptosis- related genes. Methods: The apoptosis detection analyses such as flow cytometry and dual apoptosis assay were used. The genes expression profile was explored by the real-time quantitative-PCR. Results: EGCG increases G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and the real-time apoptosis markers proteins leading to stimulate apoptos

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of tax exemption in reducing environmental pollution: An applied study on brick factories in Iraq
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Air pollution is considered one of the major environmental problems that contain many challenges and difficulties facing most countries of the world, including Iraq. The problem has emerged widely with the emergence of the industrial revolution in the world and the tremendous increase in the population and the increase in the number of transportation and its development in addition to excavation, maintenance and work Construction and weather fluctuations, such as dust and sandstorms, pollution resulting from oil refining, extraction, diversion and other processes that cause pollution, and the start of the world using methods that limit the volume of environmental pollution. The most prominent of these methods is the imposition of

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 10 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Work Stress Sources of the Communicator in Public Relations “A field study on Governmental Institutions in UAE”.
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This study addressed the work stress sources and level of the communicator in public relations in governmental institutions in the United Arab Emirates. The importance of this study is the lack of studies on work stress of the communicator in public relations. The study aimed to investigate the work stress source Physical, individual, groups, organizational and Professional source which effect on the performance of communicator in public relations. The researcher used the descriptive approach and questionnaire as an essential tool for collecting information. Some of the important results of the study are The communicator in public relations facing stress in work by 42% which affect on his performance by average level. The organizational

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 06 2026
Journal Name
Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte Y Recreación, Issn-e 1988-2041, Issn 1579-1726, Nº. 68, 2025, Págs. 1048-1062
The impact of knowledge management on cognitive achievement in sports science: A case study in boxing education
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Introduction: Knowledge management plays a crucial role in students’ ability to acquire, organize, retrieve, and apply information, impacting academic performance. In sports sciences, especially in combat sports like boxing, effective knowledge management supports both theoretical understanding and practical skill application. Despite exposure to boxing through training and media, students’ academic performance remains inconsistent. Objective: This study examines the relationship between knowledge management and cognitive achievement among second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the University of Basrah. It evaluates how students manage knowledge and its impact on their retention and application

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Application of GIS technique in the studies on fish assemblages in Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq
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The present study has examined the spatiotemporal varieties of the demographics of the Shatt Al-Arab River fishes and their relation to some ecological components. The aim is to forecast these groups in the unexplored parts of the waterway with an emphasis on environmental indices of diversity. Three sites in the river were selected as an observation and study of these species, which lasted from March 2019 to February 2020, the study dealt with factors affecting fishes, as Water Temperature (WT), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Potential Hydrogen Ion (pH), Salinity (Sal), and Transparency (Tra). Gill nets, cast nets, hooks, and hand nets were adopted to collecting fish. The results indicated that the fish population comprises 60 species represent

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