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Microbial Contamination of Eye Drops in out Patient in Iraq
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Acontaminated ophthalmic solutions represent a potential cause of avoidable ocular infection. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and pattern of microbial contamination of eye drops in out patient at the department of ophthalmology, at Baghdad national hospital, Iraq. Fifty four vials from the out patient clinic were obtained for microbial examination after an average use of 2 weeks. The dropper tip and the residual eye drop were examined for contamination. The specimens were cultured, the number of colonies counted, the organisms identified. Eight (15%)  out of 54 analyzed vials were contaminated , most bacteria identified belonged to the normal commensal flora of the eye. Isolated contaminants were Staphylococcus auereus, Micrococcus , Neisseria catarrhalis, Gram negative Rods, Candida albicans, and Staph epidermidus.The dropper tip was more often contaminated (n=5) than the residual solution (n=2) and only one vial showed acontamination of both the drop and the tip (n=1) . Our data show acontamination rate of 15%, which is in the medium range of data puplished on the contamination of eye drops elsewhere (0.07% to 35.8%).

Key words : Microbial Contamination, Eye Drops

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Process Safety And Environmental Protection
Applications of advanced oxidation processes (Electro‑Fenton and sono‑electro‑Fenton) for COD removal from hospital wastewater: Optimization using response surface methodology
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 25 2025
Journal Name
Inorganic Chemistry Communications
Synthesis, spectroscopic and single-crystal analysis, and DFT studies of N₂O₂ diamine coordination complexes: solvent-driven geometry switching and NLO properties
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The design of coordination compounds with solvent-responsive optical properties remains a central challenge in molecular photonics. Here, we describe the synthesis and full characterisation of a symmetrical tetradentate diamine ligand, 3,3′-((1,2-phenylenebis(azanediyl))- bis(methanylylidene))bis(pentane-2,4-dione) (H₂L), and its neutral square-planar complexes [M(L)] (M(II) = Co, Ni, Cu). The Cu(II) complex crystallised as [Cu(L)]⋅0.5 (pyrazine), adopting a nearly square-planar geometry (τ₄ = 0.06) in the solid state, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In DMSO solution, UV–Vis spectra revealed reversible axial coordination of two solvent molecules, driving a transformation to a distorted octahedral geometry. Struc

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 23 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Inorganic And Organometallic Polymers And Materials
Quaternary Biocomposite of Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol/Food Grade Algae/ Montmorillonite Clay for Cationic Methyl Violet 2B Dye Removal: Optimization and Desirability Functions
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Hazardous Materials
Cement kiln dust (CKD)-filter sand permeable reactive barrier for the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from simulated acidic groundwater
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 01 2026
Journal Name
Bulletin Of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Synthesis and Characterization a New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from O-vanillin with Some Transition Metal Complexes and Study of Antimicrobial Activity
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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Metal Complexes of Multidentate N<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> Heterocyclic Schiff-base Ligands;Formation, Structural Characterisation and Biological Activity
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Abstract<p>The synthesis of ligands with N<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> donor sets that include imine, an amide, thioether, thiolate moieties and their metal complexes were achieved. The new Schiff-base ligands; N-(2-((2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-acetamide (H<sub>2</sub>L<sup>1</sup>) and N-(2-((2,4-di-p-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio) acetamide (H2L<sup>2</sup>) were obtained from the reaction of amine precursors with 1,4-dithian-2-one in the presence of triethylamine as a base in the CHCl3 medium. Complexes of the general formula K<sub>2<</sub></p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2026
Journal Name
Results In Chemistry
Advanced spectrofluorimetric determination of ascorbic acid via serotonin hydrochloride quenching using a twin solar cell device with eight-angled blue radiation sources
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novel spectrofluorimetric flow injection analysis (FIA) method was developed for the selective quantification of ascorbic acid via fluorescence quenching of serotonin hydrochloride. The system employs a custom-designed photometric array comprising 16 irradiation sources arranged in a dual-axis matrix—eight aligned horizontally and eight orthogonally, enabling multi-angle excitation and enhanced spectral resolution. Fluorescence signals were captured using a twin-pair solar cell detector, offering high sensitivity and minimal optical interference. The method exhibited a linear calibration range of 0.1–30 limit of detection (LOD) of 0.025 μ μ g/mL with a correlation coefficient (r mol /L, equivalent to 4.403 * 10 4 μ 2 ) of 0.9966, a g

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Publication Date
Tue May 09 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
TIME MANAGEMENT AND WORK PRESSURE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP/ A CASE STUDY AT THE HIGHER INSTITUTE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SECURITY AND ADMINISRATIVE: TIME MANAGEMENT AND WORK PRESSURE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP/ A CASE STUDY AT THE HIGHER INSTITUTE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SECURITY AND ADMINISRATIVE
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The research aims to determine the strength of the relationship between time management and work pressure and administrative leadership, where he was taken a sample of (47) of the administrative leadership at the Higher Institute of security and administrative development in the Ministry of Interior was used questionnaire as a key tool in collecting data and information and analyzed the answers to the sample surveyed by using Statistical program (spss) in the arithmetic mean of the calculation and test (t) and the correlation coefficient, the research found the most important results: the existence of significant moral positive relationship between both time management and work pressure and administrative leadership, the leadership of th

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 21 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of University Of Anbar For Pure Science
Semi – automated analysis for the Nanoscale determination of Chlorpheniramine maleate drug using sodium nitroprusside by continuous flow feed via homemade NAG-SSP Photometer
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This study presents a rapid, sensitive, and straightforward approach to measure chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) by using turbidity CFIA. The method involves CPM reacting with sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress) to produce a pale white precipitate. The NAG-SSP-5S1D analyzer was used to measure turbidity at 0°–180° angle to detect the attenuation of incident light as a result of collision on the surfaces of the precipitate particles. The linear range of CPM measurements was between 0.008 and 11 m.mol/L, with correlation coefficient of 0.9983 and R2% = 99.65. The limit of detection was determined to be 0.0328 µg/sample from the lowest concentration in the calibration curve, and the repeatability of the method (RSD%) was less than 0.4% (n = 6

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes with their Sulfamethoxazoleand 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl and study Cytotoxic Effect on Hep-2 Cell Line
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The ligand 4-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazole-3-yl)-benzene-sulfonamide(L1) (as a chelating ligand) was treated with Pd(II),Pt (IV) and Au(III) ions in alcoholic medium in order to prepare a series of new metal complexes. Mixed ligand complexes of this primary ligand were prepared in alcoholic medium in presence of the co-ligand 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl(L2) with Cu(II) ,Pd(II) and Au(III) ions. The complexes were characterized in solid state using flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S, FT-IR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The nature of some complexes formed in ethanolic solution has been studied following the molar ratio method, also stability constant was studied and the complexes f

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