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Investigation and Comparative Study Among Various Methods of Contraception Used in Erbil City
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The objective of this study was to investigate and compare among five different methods of contraception including combined oral contraceptive pills (COC), Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), copper Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), vaginal spermicides and male condom used in Hawler City through estimate of their effect, relative failure rate, percentage of use, adherence and compliance and adverse effects of each contraceptive method. In order to reach to these aims, a retrospective study was conducted in Hawler City in Azadi Health Care Center over a period of 6 months from 22th November, 2010 to 15th May, 2011 during which data collection and subjects follow up for 3 months had been achieved. A convenient sampling method was used to collect 373 married women in their reproductive age group (16-39) years old and 56 husbands. The studied population was allocated into five groups according to contraceptive method used: group (I) included (113) subjects using combined oral contraceptive pills, group (II) included (38) subjects using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, group (III) included (211) subjects using copper intrauterine contraceptive device, group (IV) included (11) subjects using vaginal spermicides and group (V) included (56) subjects using male condom as a contraceptive method. The data necessary for this study had been collected by a direct interview with the subjects and the informations had been recorded on a questionnaire.The study revealed that IUCD had a higher percentage of use among studied sample (49%), regarding the effect DMPA was the most efficient contraceptive method (97.3%) with a lowest failure rate (2.6%), vaginal spermicide and the male condom showed the highest degree of adherence and compliance (100%). The male condom showed highest degree of subject's acceptability (69.9%), whereas DMPA showed lowest acceptability (21%). Regarding gynecological side effects, DMPA showed the highest degree of menstrual irregularity (81.5%) and amenorrhea (65.7%). Breakthrough bleeding, spotting and vaginal infection occurred in the highest percentage among IUCD users (43.1%), (11.8%), (59.2%), respectively. Central nervous system, gastrointestinal and dermatological adverse effects was higher in COC than DMPA users. The extent of weight gain was similar among DMPA and COC users (39.4%) and (39.8%), respectively. While hypertension was less among DMPA users in comparison with COC users. In conclusion, the most popular contraceptive methods used in Hawler City was IUCD, while DMPA was the most efficient contraceptive method in comparing with other methods. Male condom and vaginal spermicidal had been shown the higher rate of adherence and compliance and DMPA showed the lowest failure rate in compare with other methods. Male condom was the most acceptable method for contraception, followed by IUCD, vaginal spermicides, COCs and DMPA respectively. The percentage of menstrual irregularity was highest among DMPA users followed by IUCD users then COCs users, while IUCD showed the highest percentage of vaginal infection followed by DMPA users and then COCs users, and finally in comparison of CNS and GI and dermatological adverse effects of hormonal methods of contraception, COCs showed a higher percentage of occurrences of these adverse effects than DMPA.

Key words: contraception,COC, IUCD.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 04 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Media Image of Afghan Women as Reflected by News Websites in 2021: an Analytical Study of Russia Today site
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International news websites, including Russia Today, pay special attention to the media image of Afghan women, especially after the Taliban movement took control of Afghanistan. Therefore, it was necessary to know the image of the Afghan woman, the fate of the rights she acquired in recent years, and the transformations that affected her after the Taliban took control of the government, and studied them on international news sites, specifically Russia Today.

          The researcher summarized the problem of this study in the following question: What is the media image of the Afghan woman on the Russia Today news site?

         

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Publication Date
Thu May 21 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
An evaluation of three fissure sealants microleakage with presence or absence of bonding agent through time intervals (In vitro study)
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Background: Pit and fissure sealant have been considered an outstanding adjunct to oral health care in the decrease of occlusal caries onset and low progression. The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate the marginal microleakage of three different types of fissure sealants (SDI, Tg and tetric N-flow) by time interval, one day and 45 days, in the presence or absence of bonding agent among maxillary and mandibular teeth. Materials and methods: Seventy two sound human maxillary and mandibular first premolar teeth were collected which were free from obvious carious lesions. The teeth were randomly divided into two main equal groups, group (1) and group (2), each group consists of (36) teeth involving equal numbers of maxillary and mandi

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of knowledge assimilation on strategic clarity - an exploratory study in the Iraqi Ministry of Transport - Iraqi Airways Company*
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The research aims to build an integrated frame of knowledge for the basic research topics, represented by (assimilation of knowledge, strategic clarity) and their basic variables, by examining the most important scientific propositions on these topics in administrative thought, and framing the knowledge contained in them, in a serious attempt to provide appropriate answers to questions The research dilemma, and the research was applied in the Iraqi Airways Company, whose number is (1200) employees, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in conducting the research. A valid form for statistical analysis, i.e., with a retrieval rate of (92%). The two researchers used the (SPSS & AMOS) program for

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Effect of The Tax Core Competencies in The Tax Settlement: An Empirical Study of The General Commission for Taxes
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This Study Sought to Determine The Relationship and Impact Between The Tax Core Capabilities and Tax Settlement The Study Took Place in The Tax Administration, and Based The Problem Was to Two Hypotheses As Solutions Initial Mocked Content to Explain The Relationship Between The Phenomena, and to Test The Validity of Assumptions And Due To The Fact That The General Authority for Taxes is The Body for The Advancement of The Collection Tax In Iraq Random Sample Was Selected to Represent The Population of The Study, Since The Sample Included 22 Individuals Representing 70% of The Total Community to Study, Represented by The Director General, Agents and Directors of Departments and Branch Managers Managers Working in The General Authority fo

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 21 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
The effect of technology on achieving contemporary levels in the space of Arab Islamic architecture “Mosques is a case study”
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Arab-Islamic architecture has undergone a change at multiple levels affected by modern technology, so the research sought to address the role of contemporary technologies on a fundamental and fundamental component of architecture, which is the architectural space, what is known as the essence of architecture and its ultimate destination, with a focus on the architectural space in the architecture of the contemporary Arab Islamic mosque, because the mosque’s architecture is so important in Islamic law and the belief of the Muslim person himself, where the mosque is the functional style produced by the Islamic faith and embodied in it, whereas, knowing the levels of influence of contemporary technologies in the architectural spac

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of Electrolytes Disturbances in Iraqi Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients treated with Nilotinib with Monitoring of Response by FISH Study
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) which was created by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (t [9;22] [q34;q11]. The approval of the 2nd generation TKI ( Nilotinib) takes the treatment of CML patients into new erea with more efficiency and mild to moderate adverse effects. This study was aimed at evaluation of molecular cytogenetic response by (FISH) for Nilotinib in Iraqi patients with assessment for electrolytes disturbances of Nilotinb by measuring a panel of electrolyte (Na+, K+, Ca++, PO4--- and Mg++) , where thirty Iraqi patients with CML who have resistance or no response to Imatinib treatment, attending to Baghdad Teaching Ho

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 09 2019
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences
The philosophy of the workplace spirituality in the third millennium organizations: A field study at the ministry of health center
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Purpose: The research aims to build an integrated knowledge framework for the basic research topic. The spirituality of the workplace is through access to the most important scientific proposals on these topics. In management thought framing, the knowledge within them in a serious attempt is to provide the appropriate answers about the intellectual dilemma of research by diagnosing the nature of the relationship with the influential elements and its historical development . Methodology: The study is relied on the analytical survey method. The research sample targeted (88) managers in the center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health exclusively from the researched senior leaders (general manager, assistant general manager, and head of department),

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 23 2020
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences (pen)
The philosophy of the workplace spirituality in the third millennium organizations: A field study at the Ministry of Health Center
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Publication Date
Thu May 21 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Validity of 3D Reconstructed Computed Tomographic Image in Using Craniometrical Measurements of the Skull for Sex Differentiation (An Iraqi Study)
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Background: The skull offers a high resistance of adverse environmental conditions over time, resulting in the greater stability of the dimorphic features as compared to other skeletal bony pieces. Sex determination of human skeletal considered an initial step in its identification. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the validity of 3D reconstructed computed tomographic images in sex differentiation by using craniometrical measurements at various parts of the skull. Materials and Method: 3D reconstructed computed tomographic scanning of 100 Iraqi subject, (50 males and 50 females) were analyzed with their age range from20-70 years old. Craniometrical linear measurements were located and marked on both side of the 3D skull images.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Kuwait International Law School Journal
The Duration of the Contract – A Study in Light of French Decree No. 131-2016 Issued on February 10, 2016
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After the Napoleonic Code of 1804 came without any legal rules specific to the duration of the contract, and was content to refer to it in scattered legal texts, Legislative Decree No. 2016-131 came to establish a comprehensive legal system for the duration of the contract, starting from the period of its formation, through the period of its implementation, and ending with its continuation after the expiration of its term, in the third section of the fourth chapter related to the effects of the contract (Articles 1210 - 1215), relying on judicial precedents on the one hand - which are many, as will be shown through the research pages - and contractual practices on the other hand. Perhaps the main motive that prompted the French legislator t

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