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Investigation and Comparative Study Among Various Methods of Contraception Used in Erbil City
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The objective of this study was to investigate and compare among five different methods of contraception including combined oral contraceptive pills (COC), Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), copper Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), vaginal spermicides and male condom used in Hawler City through estimate of their effect, relative failure rate, percentage of use, adherence and compliance and adverse effects of each contraceptive method. In order to reach to these aims, a retrospective study was conducted in Hawler City in Azadi Health Care Center over a period of 6 months from 22th November, 2010 to 15th May, 2011 during which data collection and subjects follow up for 3 months had been achieved. A convenient sampling method was used to collect 373 married women in their reproductive age group (16-39) years old and 56 husbands. The studied population was allocated into five groups according to contraceptive method used: group (I) included (113) subjects using combined oral contraceptive pills, group (II) included (38) subjects using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, group (III) included (211) subjects using copper intrauterine contraceptive device, group (IV) included (11) subjects using vaginal spermicides and group (V) included (56) subjects using male condom as a contraceptive method. The data necessary for this study had been collected by a direct interview with the subjects and the informations had been recorded on a questionnaire.The study revealed that IUCD had a higher percentage of use among studied sample (49%), regarding the effect DMPA was the most efficient contraceptive method (97.3%) with a lowest failure rate (2.6%), vaginal spermicide and the male condom showed the highest degree of adherence and compliance (100%). The male condom showed highest degree of subject's acceptability (69.9%), whereas DMPA showed lowest acceptability (21%). Regarding gynecological side effects, DMPA showed the highest degree of menstrual irregularity (81.5%) and amenorrhea (65.7%). Breakthrough bleeding, spotting and vaginal infection occurred in the highest percentage among IUCD users (43.1%), (11.8%), (59.2%), respectively. Central nervous system, gastrointestinal and dermatological adverse effects was higher in COC than DMPA users. The extent of weight gain was similar among DMPA and COC users (39.4%) and (39.8%), respectively. While hypertension was less among DMPA users in comparison with COC users. In conclusion, the most popular contraceptive methods used in Hawler City was IUCD, while DMPA was the most efficient contraceptive method in comparing with other methods. Male condom and vaginal spermicidal had been shown the higher rate of adherence and compliance and DMPA showed the lowest failure rate in compare with other methods. Male condom was the most acceptable method for contraception, followed by IUCD, vaginal spermicides, COCs and DMPA respectively. The percentage of menstrual irregularity was highest among DMPA users followed by IUCD users then COCs users, while IUCD showed the highest percentage of vaginal infection followed by DMPA users and then COCs users, and finally in comparison of CNS and GI and dermatological adverse effects of hormonal methods of contraception, COCs showed a higher percentage of occurrences of these adverse effects than DMPA.

Key words: contraception,COC, IUCD.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
The Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Comparative Study Between Glimepiride and Glibenclamide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Al-Yarmouk Hospital
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Comparative Study Between Glimepiride and Glibenclamide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Al-Yarmouk Hospital

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Corporate And Business Strategy Review
The role of governance mechanisms in trust-building strategies: A comparative analytical study in public and private banks
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The study aims to build a model that enhances trust-building for public and private banks to compare and determine the significant differences between public and private banks, by testing the impact of governance mechanisms (transparency, accountability, justice, independence, and social responsibility) (Agere, 2000) on trust-building strategies (trust and trust building, people management, work relations, training and development, leadership practices, and communications) (Ngalo, 2011; Stone et al., 2005), to indicate the level of employees’ awareness of the theoretical contents of the two variables and their importance to banking work, with the aim of improving performance. The main question is the role of governance mechanisms

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2011
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of (FS) and MIG Welded Joint in (AA7020-T6) Aluminum Alloy
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A comprehensive practical study of typical mechanical properties of welded Aluminum alloy AA7020-T6 (Al-Mg-Zn), adopting friction stir welding (FSW) technique and conventional metal inert gas (MIG) technique, is well achieved in this work for real comparison purposes. The essences of present output findings were concentrated upon the FSW samples in respect to that MIG ones which can be summarized in the increase of the ultimate tensile strength for FSW was 340 MPa while it was 232 MPa for MIG welding, where it was for base metal 400 MPa. The minimum microhardness value for FSW was recorded at HAZ and it was 133 HV0.05 while it was 70 HV0.05 for MIG weld at the welding metal. The FSW produce 2470 N higher than MIG welding in the bending t

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
A Comparative Study of Organic and Mineral Acids in the Release of Potassium from Potassium Feldspar Minerals
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Abstract<p>A study conducted a laboratory experiment to measure the release of potassium and the dissolution of feldspar minerals in soils from different locations in Karbala Province (Ain Al-tamur, Qasr Al-Akhyar, Fadak Farm). The study involved the addition of organic acids (fulvic and humic) and mineral acids (sulfuric and phosphoric) at concentrations of 5% and 10% to sand-separated soil samples obtained through wet sieving. Feldspar minerals were identified using a polarized light microscope, and the percentage of each type of feldspar mineral was calculated. The results demonstrated that organic acids outperformed mineral acids in releasing potassium at both concentrations. Among the organ</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2010
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Comparative study of the renoprotective effects of captopril and aminophylline against cainst cisplatin – induced nephrotoxicty in rats
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Background: Cisplatin is one of the most
commonly used anti-cancer drugs , but its
clinical use was limited by its nephrotoxicity .
Methods: In this study we try to investigate the
renoprotective effect of captopril and
aminophylline against cisplatin induced
nephrotoxicity .For this purpose a 36 Sprague
Dawley rats was divided randomly to 6 groups ,
each group consist of 6 rats. The first group
given normal saline and act as control group,
while the other 5 groups given cisplatin ( 7.5
mg/kg ) , captopril ( 60 mg/kg ) , aminophylline
( 24 mg/kg ) , captopril with cisplatin and
aminophylline with cisplatin respectively. All
drugs are given as single dose through
intraperitonial route. After 6

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Age and Smoking on Nail Growth Rate in Healthy Individuals
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GA Al Omran, AA Noaimi, Z Al Madfai, H Al Hamamy, Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 2012

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Electronic payment methods used for salary resettlement and its impact on improving the mental image of customers: an applied study of the opinions of a sample of (private) commercial banks 'customers contracting with the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to localize employees' salaries
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The research seeks to identify the contemporary events that face the use of electronic payment methods to localize the salaries of state employees and its impact in enhancing the mental image of customers, and to achieve this purpose from the fact that a questionnaire was designed and distributed to an optional sample of (31) individual customers (employees) dealing With the researched private banks, it has been analyzed and reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which is the lack of modernity of electronic payment methods by customers, which is reflected in the mental image of customers and the achievement of their satisfaction, in the Emiratization project for salaries needs an advanced leade

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Biology Textbook for Scientific Sixth Class in Iraq (A Comparative Study)
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The textbook is the primary means of creativity and thinking, which has a major role in the development of the readership and mental abilities of the student. It is the basic tool in education in Iraq for the teacher and the student, which cannot be dispensed in any educational program. The current study aimed at the book of the biology of the sixth grade of science in Iraq (comparative study). It was compared to the book of biology for the twelve grade in the Kingdom of Jordan to identify the ratio of similarity and differences between them, in addition, to identify the weaknesses in the Iraq curriculum and developing appropriate solutions and suggestions to address them. The sample was represented with books of biology (six-science cla

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Tikrit Journal For Dental Sciences
Microleakage Evaluation of a Silorane-Based and Methacrylate-Based Packable and Nanofill Posterior Composites (in vitro comparative study)
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This study compared in vitro the microleakage of a new low shrink silorane-based posterior composite (Filtek™ P90) and two methacrylate-based composites: a packable posterior composite (Filtek™ P60) and a nanofill composite (Filtek™ Supreme XT) through dye penetration test. Thirty sound human upper premolars were used in this study. Standardized class V cavities were prepared at the buccal surface of each tooth. The teeth were then divided into three groups of ten teeth each: (Group 1: restored with Filtek™ P90, Group 2: restored with Filtek™ P60, and Group 3: restored with Filtek™ Supreme XT). Each composite system was used according to the manufacturer's instructions with their corresponding adhesive systems. The teeth were th

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 30 2014
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Investigations in the sanctity of divine texts and their composition: (Comparative study between the Quran and the Torah)
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The research deals with an important issue that many people are working on, namely the sanctification of the texts on which the timings of the time and the different conditions of the place took place. Do not live up to the ranks of perfection and perfection, and every effort has explanations according to the mind machine, which is not protected by infallibility from error. The great downfall is to put these intellectual efforts in the Bible without separating them from the Word of God. The situation and the place on the adherents of a religion and mixed with the trick of the average individual only to be subject to the words of the teachers of Sharia and docility.

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