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Investigation and Comparative Study Among Various Methods of Contraception Used in Erbil City
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The objective of this study was to investigate and compare among five different methods of contraception including combined oral contraceptive pills (COC), Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), copper Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), vaginal spermicides and male condom used in Hawler City through estimate of their effect, relative failure rate, percentage of use, adherence and compliance and adverse effects of each contraceptive method. In order to reach to these aims, a retrospective study was conducted in Hawler City in Azadi Health Care Center over a period of 6 months from 22th November, 2010 to 15th May, 2011 during which data collection and subjects follow up for 3 months had been achieved. A convenient sampling method was used to collect 373 married women in their reproductive age group (16-39) years old and 56 husbands. The studied population was allocated into five groups according to contraceptive method used: group (I) included (113) subjects using combined oral contraceptive pills, group (II) included (38) subjects using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, group (III) included (211) subjects using copper intrauterine contraceptive device, group (IV) included (11) subjects using vaginal spermicides and group (V) included (56) subjects using male condom as a contraceptive method. The data necessary for this study had been collected by a direct interview with the subjects and the informations had been recorded on a questionnaire.The study revealed that IUCD had a higher percentage of use among studied sample (49%), regarding the effect DMPA was the most efficient contraceptive method (97.3%) with a lowest failure rate (2.6%), vaginal spermicide and the male condom showed the highest degree of adherence and compliance (100%). The male condom showed highest degree of subject's acceptability (69.9%), whereas DMPA showed lowest acceptability (21%). Regarding gynecological side effects, DMPA showed the highest degree of menstrual irregularity (81.5%) and amenorrhea (65.7%). Breakthrough bleeding, spotting and vaginal infection occurred in the highest percentage among IUCD users (43.1%), (11.8%), (59.2%), respectively. Central nervous system, gastrointestinal and dermatological adverse effects was higher in COC than DMPA users. The extent of weight gain was similar among DMPA and COC users (39.4%) and (39.8%), respectively. While hypertension was less among DMPA users in comparison with COC users. In conclusion, the most popular contraceptive methods used in Hawler City was IUCD, while DMPA was the most efficient contraceptive method in comparing with other methods. Male condom and vaginal spermicidal had been shown the higher rate of adherence and compliance and DMPA showed the lowest failure rate in compare with other methods. Male condom was the most acceptable method for contraception, followed by IUCD, vaginal spermicides, COCs and DMPA respectively. The percentage of menstrual irregularity was highest among DMPA users followed by IUCD users then COCs users, while IUCD showed the highest percentage of vaginal infection followed by DMPA users and then COCs users, and finally in comparison of CNS and GI and dermatological adverse effects of hormonal methods of contraception, COCs showed a higher percentage of occurrences of these adverse effects than DMPA.

Key words: contraception,COC, IUCD.

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicinal And Chemical Sciences
Investigation of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistant of Bacteria Isolated from Septic Neonates
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Neonatal sepsis refers to the bacterial bloodstream infections of the newborn during the neonatal period as usually the first twenty-eight days of life. The current study was done in the laboratories of AL-Batool Teaching Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics in Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, including 140 blood specimens collected from the neonates admitted to the hospital with suspected sepsis, the ages of the both groups was ranged from 1 day to 28 days. Out of the total cultured samples, 32.14% (45 of 140) were positive and 67.86% (95 of 140) were negative blood culture. 45 of 140 samples were negative to the blood culture chosen as control group. The results showed highest isolates were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) 19 (42.2%

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical & Cellular Archives
INVESTIGATION OF VITAMIN D, ESTRADIOL AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN PRE AND POST-MENOPAUSAL IRAQI TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN WOMEN.
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic chronic disease, with global estimation increase in patient (around 100 million in 2030).The aim of the current study is to investigate vitamin D, C-reactive protein and estradiol levels in pre and postmenopausal Iraqi women with type 2 diabetes (T2MD).A total of 176 female distributed into two groups: the first included 90 women withT2MD (43 pre and 47 post-menopausal); the second group included 86 healthy subjects (41 pre and 45 postmenopausal) considered as control. This study has shown that women in premenopausal (20-40 years) had highly significant difference in the estradiol and vitamin D levels in diabetes subjects (62.192 ± 17.643pg/ml, 10.522 ± 1.958ng/ml) compared with healthy (131.793 ± 1

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Swab – Surge Pressure Investigation, and the Influence Factors, Prediction and Calculation (Review)
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Surge pressure is supplemental pressure because of the movement of the pipes downward and the swab pressure is the pressure reduction as a result of the drill string's upward movement. Bottom hole pressure is reduced because of swabbing influence. An Investigation showed that the surge pressure has great importance for the circulation loss problem produced by unstable processes in the management pressure drilling (MPD) actions. Through Trip Margin there is an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of mud that compensates for the reduction of bottom pressure due to stop pumping and/or swabbing effect while pulling the pipe out of the hole. This overview shows suggested mathematical/numerical models for simulating surge pressure problems ins

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Informative accuracy investigation and updating map using remote sensing technique and GIS
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In this work, using GPS which has best accuracy that can be established set of GCPs, also two satellite images can be used, first with high resolution QuickBird, and second has low resolution Landsat image and topographic maps with 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 scales. The implementing of these factors (GPS, two satellite images, different scales for topographic maps, and set of GCPs) can be applying. In this study, must be divided this work into two parts geometric accuracy and informative accuracy investigation. The first part is showing geometric correction for two satellite images and maps.
The second part of the results is to demonstrate the features (how the features appearance) of topographic map or pictorial map (image map), Where i

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry
Evaluation of copper and zinc in Sera of Iraqi male patients with prostate cancer in Baghdad city
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Prostate cancer is an important and potentially fatal disease in humans. Both genetic and environmental risk factors are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer among Asian pop

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 28 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Emergency of Edge city between Regeneration and Acclimatization Urban
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           In the nineteenth century, a new type of cities appeared, known as new cities located on the edges of major cities, and these cities began to  decentralization, urban studies turned to this type of cities to find out the most important reasons for the emergence of new cities and find out what those cities will become . Therefore, we will discuss in this research how the urban emergence of these cities (edge cities) occurs, so the research formulates its problem : The need to know the stages that edge cities go through, ending with their emergence, and the mechanisms that cities take within their context  ( regeneration or adaptation ), Assuming that edge cities are a

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 25 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Current Engineering And Technology
Model-Based Design of Piezoelectric Patches used to Repair Damaged Beams under Static Load
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Static loads exposing to mechanical components can cause cracks, which are lead to form stress concentration regions causing the failure of structure. Generally, from 80% to 90% of structure failure is due to initiation of the cracks. Therefore, it is necessary to repair the crack and reduce its effect on the structure where the effect of the crack is modelled as an additional flexibility to the structure. In the last few years, piezoelectric materials have been considered as one of the most favourable repairing techniques. The piezoelectric material converts the applied voltage on it to a bending moment to counter the bending moment caused by the external load on the beam at the crack location. In this study, the design of the piez

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health
Synthesis and characterization of new phthalimide with 6- mercaptopurine or 2- aminothiazole conjugate used dithiocarbamate spacer as anticancer agents
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Publication Date
Fri May 17 2013
Journal Name
International Journal Of Computer Applications
Applied Minimized Matrix Size Algorithm on the Transformed Images by DCT and DWT used for Image Compression
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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of BASE methods with other methods for estimating the measurement parameter for WEBB distribution using simulations
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  Weibull distribution is considered as one of the most widely  distribution applied in real life, Its similar to normal distribution in the way of applications, it's also considered as one of the distributions that can applied in many fields such as industrial engineering to represent replaced and manufacturing time ,weather forecasting, and other scientific uses in reliability studies and survival function in medical and communication engineering fields.

   In this paper, The scale parameter has been estimated for weibull distribution using Bayesian method based on Jeffery prior information as a first method , then enhanced by improving Jeffery prior information and then used as a se

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